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Protista

Protista. e.g. Amoeba. Learning Objectives. Explain the nuclear structure of Amoeba Explain the sub cellular structure of Amoeba. Amoeba. Recall Protista characteristics. Contains single-celled and simple multi-cellular organisms

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Protista

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  1. Protista e.g. Amoeba

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain the nuclear structure of Amoeba • Explain the sub cellular structure of Amoeba

  3. Amoeba

  4. Recall Protista characteristics • Contains single-celled and simple multi-cellular organisms • They are eukaryotic – they have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles • Some feed by taking in organic substances, others can photosynthesise.

  5. Examples include: • Amoeba – moves by means of pseudopods and is well known as a representative unicellular organism. • Algae – a large and diverse group of plant like organisms ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms • Paramecium – consist of a single cell yet are visible to the naked eye

  6. Amoeba • Consists of a single cell • It is a consumer. It feeds on small plants, animals and bacteria • It lives in freshwater ponds (most likely to be found on the mud at the bottom)

  7. Structure of Amoeba Cell membrane Ectoplasm Cytoplasm Endoplasm Nucleus Waste products Pseudopod Fat Droplets Food Vacuole Contractile Vacuole

  8. Structure of Amoeba • Cell membrane – semi-permeable • Cytoplasm divided up into • Endoplasm • Ectoplasm

  9. Endoplasm and ectoplasm Ectoplasm Endoplasm • The endoplasm is fluid-like. It has a grainy appearance due to the presence of food vacuoles and waste materials • Ectoplasm can become soft in places to allow the development of pseudopodia

  10. Development of Pseudopod • Pseudopods are referred to as ‘false feet’ as they are produced at any point on the body and have no fixed position • Pseudopodia extend in the direction Amoeba wishes to move

  11. Development of Pseudopod • Pseudopods develop when the ectoplasm softens and moves forward and the endoplasm moves in to replace it • Amoeba uses pseudopodia to engulf its prey

  12. Endoplasm and ectoplasm Before After

  13. Food vacuoles • Amoeba feeds by surrounding its prey with pseudopodia and secreting digestive enzymes into the vacuole created • Food can then be stored within the vacuole. Food vacuole

  14. Food vacuoles

  15. The Contractile Vacuole Amoeba’s cytoplasm is more concentrated than the surrounding fresh water High sugar/salt concentration Low sugar/salt concentration

  16. The Contractile Vacuole As a result water constantly rushes in by osmosis High sugar/salt concentration Low sugar/salt concentration

  17. The Contractile Vacuole In order to deal with this uptake of water Amoeba forms a contractile vacuole Excess water enters the contractile vacuole

  18. The Contractile Vacuole The contractile vacuole swells with water and moves to the edge of the cell…

  19. The Contractile Vacuole The contractile vacuole swells with water and moves to the edge of the cell…

  20. The Contractile Vacuole The contractile vacuole swells with water and moves to the edge of the cell…

  21. The Contractile Vacuole Where it bursts and expels the water…

  22. The Contractile Vacuole Where it bursts and expels the water…

  23. The Contractile Vacuole Where it bursts and expels the water…

  24. The Contractile Vacuole Where it bursts and expels the water…

  25. The Contractile Vacuole The cycle is then repeated

  26. Contractile vacuole • The contractile vacuole is said to be responsible for osmoregulation • Without it the Amoeba would expand and burst

  27. Contractile vacuole bursting

  28. Learning Check • Name the structures present within the Amoeba cell • Outline the role of the contractile vacuole in osmoregulation

  29. Syllabus

  30. Depth of treatment • Amoeba – cell organisation to include nucleus and sub-cellular structures

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