Digestion

1. Digestion

2. Types of animals Divided by type of feed that they eat. Carnivore � Meat and animal products. Ex are coyotes, snakes, and geckos.

3. Herbivore- Plant material Cows, Horses, sheep, and goats.

4. Omnivore- Plant and animal material. Example Humans.

5. Definitions Digestion- is the process of breaking down feed into simple substances that can be absorbed by the body. Absorption- Is taking the digested parts of feed into the bloodstream.

6. Definitions Continued. Digestive systems- consists of the parts of the body involved in chewing and digesting feed. Moves digested feed throughout the body and absorbs products.

7. Types of Digestive Systems There are four types of digestives systems. Monogastric (Simple) Avian Ruminants (polygastric) Pseudo- Ruminants Why are there four different types of digestive systems?

8. Monogastric Digestive system that has a simple stomach. Animals with this type of digestive system are better adapted to the use of concentrated feeds, such as grains, than the use of large quantities of roughages.

9. Avian Digestive System Found in Poultry There is no chewing. The esophagus empties directly into the crop. Crop- Is where food is stored and soaked. From the crop food then goes into the gizzard. Gizzard- muscular organ, which contains stone or grit.

10. Avian Continued. Gizzard functions as the teeth, to grind food. Avian System vary rapid.

11. Polygastric Digestive System Also called ruminant One large stomach divided into compartments. Largest section of the stomach called the rumen, which contains a lot of bacteria and microbes to promote fermentation. System designed for food to be ingested, eructated, chewed, and swallowed again.

12. Polygastric Continued Then the reticulum (2nd largest), omasum (acts as a filter) and lastly the abomasum (secretes gastric juice.) Uses feed high in fiber, make good use of roughage.

13. Pseudo- Ruminant Digestive System Eats large amounts of roughage but does not have a stomach with several compartments. Digestive systems does a lot of the same function as the ruminant digestive system. Enlarged cecum and large intestine

14. Organs of the Digestive system Mouth and Esophagus- chewing action breaks, cuts, and tears up feed. Increases surface area of the feed which aids in the chewing and swallowing of feed. Saliva stimulates taste of food and contains enzymes. Enzymes speed up the digestive process. Salivary Amylase changes starch to maltose or malt sugar.

15. Organs Continued. Salivary Maltase- changes maltose to glucose. Ruminant stomach- Four parts rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Ruminants typically eat rapidly. Solid part of the food goes into the rumen. Liquid part goes into the reticulum. In rumen solid feed is mixed and partially broken down by bacteria.

16. Rumen Organs Continued When the rumen is full the animal lies down and feed is forced back into the mouth- rumination occurs. Rumination- Process of chewing the cud. Cud- is a ball like mass of feed brought up from stomach. Cows chew cud 6-8 times per day.

17. Monogatric stomach In animals that do not have a rumen stomach food goes from the esophagus into the monogastric stomach. Gastric Juices flow into the stomach when food is present. Gastric Juice stops the amylase from the mouth but contains pepsin, rennin and gastric lipase.

18. Mongastric Stomach continued Pepsin- Breaks the proteins in the feed into proteoses and peptones. Stomach churns and squeezes feed and the liquids are pushed into the small intestine.

19. Organs Continued Small intestine- Partially digested feed that leaves the stomach (whether ruminant or monogastric) In acid, semi fluid, gray pulpy mass. � this material is called chyme. Chyme mixed with three digestive juices: pancreatic juice, bile and intestinal juice.

20. Organs Continued Pancreatic Juice- secreted by the pancreas, contains trypsin (breaks down proteins not broken down by pepsin), and pancreatic amylase (changes starch in the feed to maltose). Bile- is a yellowish-green, alkaline, bitter liquid produced in the liver. Stored in the gall bladder in animals but horses. Aid in the digestion of fats and fatty acids. Intestinal Juice- glands in the wall of the small intestine produce

21. Organs Continued Intestinal Juice- glands in the wall of the small intestine produce . Contains peptidase, sucrase, amltase, and lactase. All used in digestion. Cecum- or blind gut. Found where small intestine joins the large intestine. Little function except in pseudo ruminants where roughage feeds are digested with help from the cecum.

22. Organs Continued Large intestine- absorbs water. Material that was not digested and absorbed in the small intestine passes into the large intestine. This material is called feces. Material moved by muscles in the intestinal wall. Peristalsis- muscle contractions to move food down in the esophagus and to move food in the large intestine. Reverse peristalsis- moving the food in the opposite direction.

23. Organs Continued Anus- where feed is passed out of the body. The opening in the end of the large intestine. Review!

24. Monogastric Digestive System

25. Monogastric Digestive System

26. Ruminant Digestive System

27. Ruminant Digestive System

28. Avian Digestive System

29. Avian Digestive System

30. Pseudo-Ruminant Digestive System

31. Pseudo Ruminant Digestive System