Civil War Battles

1. Civil War Battles

3. Harbor Defenses in Charleston, South Carolina

4. Maj. Robert Anderson USA P.G.T. Beauregard CSA

7. 1st Bull Run (1st Manassas) Date: July 21, 1861 Commanders: Union: Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell Confederate: Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard Forces Engaged: US 37,000 CS 22,000 + 12,000 more from the Valley

10. This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia.  On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell marched from Washington against the Confederate army, which was drawn up behind Bull Run beyond Centreville. On the 21st, McDowell crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the Confederate left flank on Matthews Hill. Fighting raged throughout the day as Confederate forces were driven back to Henry Hill.  Late in the afternoon, Confederate reinforcements (one brigade arriving by rail from the Shenandoah Valley) extended and broke the Union right flank. The Federal retreat rapidly deteriorated into a rout. Although victorious, Confederate forces were too disorganized to pursue. Confederate Gen. Bee and Col. Bartow were killed. Thomas J. Jackson earned the nom de guerre “Stonewall.” By July 22, the shattered Union army reached the safety of Washington. This battle convinced the Lincoln administration that the war would be a long and costly affair. McDowell was relieved of command of the Union army and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, who set about reorganizing and training the troops. Estimated Casualties: 4,700 total (US 2,950; CS 1,750) Result(s): Confederate victory

11. The Peninsula CampaignApril - June 1862

12. The Peninsula CampaignApril - June 1862 Union Gen. George B. McClellan

14. April 6-7, 1862 Shiloh Albert Sydney Johnston Gen. U.S. Grant

15. Jackson’s Valley CampaignMay – June 1862

16. Jackson’s Valley Campaign

17. The Union Occupation of New Orleans (Apr. 25, 1861) HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF New Orleans, May 15, 1862. As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subject to repeated insults from the women (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans in return for the most scrupulous non-interference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall by word, gesture, or movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation. By command of Major-General Butler: GEO. C. STRONG, Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff.

18. The Union Occupation of New Orleans

19. Lee Takes Command On June 1, 1862, Robert E. Lee was given overall command of Confederate forces outside of Richmond, Virginia. Lee named his army The Army of Northern Virginia. Time and time again, Lee won battles against a larger Union Army of the Potomac.

20. Lincoln on Slavery (Aug. 1862) “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.” (From a letter written to Horace Greeley by President Lincoln, 22 August 1862)

21. 2nd Manassas August 29-30, 1862 Union Gen. John Pope Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson

22. Confederate Gen. James Longstreet

23. Antietam Robert E. Lee marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland. This was Lee’s 1st invasion of the North. Sharpsburg was the single bloodiest day of the war. .

24. Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 13, 1862) Union Gen. Ambrose Burnside

25. Union pontoon bridges over the Rappahannock River

26. The stone wall at Fredericksburg

27. Lee at Fredericksburg "It is well that war is so terrible,or we should grow too fond of it." -Robert E. Lee

29. Chancellorsville Union Gen. Joe Hooker

32. Vicksburg and Gettysburg July, 1863

33. Vicksburg Campaign • In May and June of 1863, Union general Ulysses S. Grant, commander of the Army of Tennessee, moved his army into a position to lay siege to Vicksburg, one of the last Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi River.

34. Vicksburg Campaign

35. Vicksburg Campaign

36. Siege of Vicksburg • The citizens of Vicksburg suffered form hunger and were forced to eat pets and rats. The Confederates had no troops to send to Pemberton’s aid. • The Confederates surrendered on the 4th of July, hoping to get better terms from Grant. Animated Map

37. Gettysburg • In June of 1863, Lee invaded the North a second time. One more victory for the Army of Northern Virginia, this time on Union soil, might force the Union to negotiate a peace with the Confederacy.

38. Battle of Gettysburg • As Lee marched north through Pennsylvania, he heard reports of a cash of shoes in a small crossroads town of Gettysburg. He sent a small portion of his 75,000 man army into Gettysburg to capture shoes for his men. Animated map

39. Lee vs. Grant Virginia 1864

40. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman’s March to the Sea was the most destructive campaign against a civilian population during the war. It began in Atlanta on November 15, 1864, and concluded in Savannah, Georgia on December 21, 1864. Union general William T. Sherman abandoned his supply line and marched across Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean to prove to the Confederate population that its government could not protect the people from invaders. He practiced psychological warfare; he believed that by marching an army across the state he would demonstrate to the world that the Union had a power the Confederacy could not resist. William Tecumseh Sherman “War is (all) hell.”

41. Sherman’s Path