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World War I The Great War

World War I The Great War. 1914- 1918. 1: World War I. Five Causes of World War I A – Alliances Triple Alliance (Central Powers) – Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy Triple Entante (Allied Powers) – France, Great Britain and Russia P – Propaganda to persuade public opinion

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World War I The Great War

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  1. World War IThe Great War 1914- 1918

  2. 1: World War I Five Causes of World War I A – Alliances Triple Alliance (Central Powers) – Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy Triple Entante (Allied Powers) – France, Great Britain and Russia P – Propaganda to persuade public opinion A – Arms Build Up (Weapons) I – Imperialism by European nations N – Nationalism – pride in one’s country

  3. World War I

  4. World War I • Otto Von Bismarck • unified Germany • watchful of France because of the Franco-Prussian War • allied with Austria-Hungary, later joined by Italy • Kaiser Wilhelm II • power hungry • signed a treaty with France • planned a strong navy

  5. World War I • Serbia • Wanted to ally Slavic people in the region including Bosnia & Herzegovina • Austria was determined • Not to lose any land they had previously claimed • Not to allow take over • Not to allow creation of a Slavic nation Franz Ferdinand & Wife, Sophie • Planned a visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia • Promote good will between the people and Austria-Hungary

  6. World War I • Powder Keg on the Balkan Peninsular Political tension in the Balkans was referred to as The Powder Keg

  7. World War I • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914 – Franz Ferdinand & his wife were on a good-will mission to Bosnia – they were killed Princip – a 19 year old Serbian nationalist was the assassin • Member of the Black Hand, A nationalist group wanting to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule • Did not want to be Austrian • Did not want alliance with Austria-Hungary

  8. World War I • Murders • Gave Austria-Hungary and excuse to punish Serbia • German offered to support Austria-Hungary • Austria sent Serbia and ultimatum • Must end all anti-Austrian activity • Must allow Austria to investigate the assassination • Serbia • Agreed to some demands • Others would be settled on the international level • Austria • Rejected Serbia’s offer and declared war on Serbia • Russiamobilized troops to support Serbia

  9. 2: World War I Alliances Complex alliances drew most of the countries of Europe into war. Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy(Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria) -vs- Russia, France, & *Britain(Japan, many others including U. S.)

  10. World War I Neutral Allied Powers Central Powers

  11. World War I Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s quick victory plan • Large portion of German army would go west to quickly defeat France • Then quickly east to defeat Russia • Germans decided to take the short cut through Belgium

  12. World War I Belgium A Neutral Nation • Germany • Demanded that troops be allowed through Belgium • Belgium • Refused to let Germany through • Great Britain, ally of Belgium, pledged support • Germany • Forced their way through Belgium • Causing Great Britain to declare war on Germany • Italy pulled out because of the actions of Germany

  13. World War I Western Front • With a German victory almost certain the French intercepted the German plan of attack • Allies attacked the Germans north of Paris • 600 taxis were used to transport French soldiers to the battlefield • Allies won • Schlieffen Plan failed WHY DID THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN FAIL?

  14. World War I Trench Warfare – deep ditches from which the battles occurred. Troops from both sides would eat, drink, and sleep in the trenches. No man’s land – space between the trenches

  15. World War I • Advanced Weapons of WW I • Machine Guns • Poison Gas • Armored Tanks • Advanced Artillery • Submarines • Millions of lives were lost because of the advances in weapons.

  16. World War I The Eastern Front • Area along the German/Russian border • Russia & Serbia -vs- Germany, Austria & The Ottoman Turks • The Russian army was weakening • Although Russia had the early victories, Germany eventually gained ground. The Eastern and Western Fronts were not Germany’s only problems.

  17. Garth Brooks - Belleau Wood • Oh, the snowflakes fell in silenceOver Belleau Wood that nightFor a Christmas truce had been declaredBy both sides of the fightAs we lay there in our trenchesThe silence broke in twoBy a German soldier singingA song that we all knewThough I did not know the languageThe song was "Silent Night"Then I heard my buddy whisper,"All is calm and all is bright"Then the fear and doubt surrounded me'Cause I'd die if I was wrongBut I stood up in my trenchAnd I began to sing alongThen across the frozen battlefieldAnother's voice joined inUntil one by one each man becameA singer of the hymnThen I thought that I was dreamingFor right there in my sightStood the German soldier'Neath the falling flakes of whiteAnd he raised his hand and smiled at meAs if he seemed to sayHere's hoping we both liveTo see us find a better wayThen the devil's clock struck midnightAnd the skies lit up againAnd the battlefield where heaven stoodWas blown to hell againBut for just one fleeting momentThe answer seemed so clearHeaven's not beyond the cloudsIt's just beyond the fearNo, heaven's not beyond the cloudsIt's for us to find it here

  18. World War I No Man’s Land

  19. World War I Trench Warfare

  20. 3: World War I Global Conflict In hopes on ending the stalemate of war - the Allies attacked the Dardanelles - considered the gateway to Constantinople - called the Gallipoli Campaign - the Allies made repeated assaults - became a stalemate, finally the Allies gave up With the help of the Arabs - Allied forces took control of Baghdad, Jerusalem, & Damascus Other places - Germany’s colonial possessions came under assault

  21. World War I • The United States Enters the War 1.unrestricted submarine warfare (Germany) +Germany established a blockade around Britain +promised to sink any ship,without warning near Britain +sank British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 people including 128 Americans THE AMERICAN PUBLIC WAS OUTRAGED, SOME DEMANDED THAT AMERICA ENTER THE WAR

  22. World War I

  23. World War I 2. Zimmermann Note + British intercepted a note from the Germans to the ambassador in Mexico, promising to help Mexico get back land lost to the U.S. for Mexico’s help against the U.S. America Declared War on Germany- April 2, 1917

  24. World War I • Total War • Devoting all of the nation’s resources to war • Rationing of goods • Limit on use of products • Women and War • Women went to work in the factories • Worked the farms • Kept troops supplied with basic needs

  25. World War I • Russia Withdraws From WW I • Total loss in life was over 5 million • Lenin insisted that Russia pull out • Offered Germany a truce • Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Surrender lands that included parts of Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, & Estonia

  26. World War I • AFTER RUSSIA PULLED OUT • Most German soldiers were sent to the Western Front • Pushed within 40 miles of Paris • Allies launched a massive counter attack • Second Battle of the Marne • Allies were victorious. • Nov. 11, 1918 an armistice was signed

  27. 4: World War I • Paris Peace Conference • Delegates from 32 nations met • Key players • Woodrow Wilson – U. S. • George Clemenceau – France • David Lloyd George – Gr. Britain • Vittorio Orlando of Italy

  28. World War I • Wilson’s Plan - FOURTEEN POINTS • A plan for lasting peace in Europe • 1-4 –end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduction in military forces • 5 – adjustment of colonial claims with fairness to colonial people • 6-13 – specific suggestion for border changes and the creation of new nations • 14 – League of Nations – international organization to keep world peace • Self-determination – allowing the people to decide under which type of government they would live

  29. World War I • Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919 • Punishment for Germany • Lost territory & restrictions placed on the military, • “War Guilt Clause” – Germany would take blame for the war and be required to pay reparations to the Allies • Overseas territories would be governed by the League of Nations until they could function independently

  30. World War I • The U. S. ultimately rejected the treaty • American’s rejected the League of Nations • Believed the best hope for peace was to stay out of the affairs of Europe • Germany • Angry over the war guilt clause • Angry over loss of land • Other Nations • Italy and Japan did not get the land they wanted

  31. World War I • LEGACY • War of new and deadly technology • War of extreme costs • 8.5 million soldiers killed • 21 million wounded • Drained the treasuries of Europe • Destroyed acres of farmland as well has homes, villages and towns • Survivors • Insecurity and despair • Shown in art and literature following the war

  32. World War I Posters

  33. World War I Posters

  34. World War I Posters

  35. World War I Posters

  36. World War I Posters

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