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Reliability Challenges White Paper

Reliability Challenges White Paper. Victoria L. Ravenscroft Senior Policy Analyst. Integrated Reliability Assurance Model. Annual meeting dialogue. Annual meeting dialogue. Violations /Impact. Violations /Impact. Conclusions/Results. Conclusions/Results. Registered Entity Oversight.

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Reliability Challenges White Paper

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  1. Reliability Challenges White Paper Victoria L. Ravenscroft Senior Policy Analyst Western Electricity Coordinating Council

  2. Integrated Reliability Assurance Model Annual meeting dialogue Annual meeting dialogue Violations /Impact Violations /Impact Conclusions/Results Conclusions/Results Registered Entity Oversight Registered Entity Oversight • Registration • Certification • Applicable standards • CMEP scoping • Registration • Certification • Applicable standards • CMEP scoping WECC staff white paper WECC staff white paper • Work Plan Priorities • Changing resource mix • Retirement of conventional generation • Integration of VER • Natural gas/electric interdependency • Changing load composition • Protection system reliability • Physical/Cyber security • Human performance • High impact-low frequency events • Work Plan Priorities • Changing resource mix • Retirement of conventional generation • Integration of VER • Natural gas/electric interdependency • Changing load composition • Protection system reliability • Physical/Cyber security • Human performance • High impact-low frequency events Business Plan and Budget Business Plan and Budget • Outreach Efforts • Policy briefs/white papers • Training • Standards/SARs • CUG/CIPUG • Industry/policy forums • Outreach Efforts • Policy briefs/white papers • Training • Standards/SARs • CUG/CIPUG • Industry/policy forums Reliability Planning Reliability Planning • Interconnection-wide models and data sets • Near- and long-term planning studies • Stability analysis • Interconnection-wide models and data sets • Near- and long-term planning studies • Stability analysis Membership input Membership input Performance Analysis Performance Analysis • Event Analysis • Independent BES assessments • Operating Practices survey(s) • Event Analysis • Independent BES assessments • Operating Practices survey(s) WIRAB input WIRAB input Trends/Priorities Trends/Priorities Other input Other input

  3. First step in operationalizing the Integrated Reliability Assurance Model Culmination of conversations over last 4 months Staff developed, now seeking stakeholder feedback Feeds development of Work Plan Priorities Reliability Challenges White Paper Western Electricity Coordinating Council

  4. Changing Resource Mix Potential challenges … • Ensuring resource adequacy • Considering a wide range of drivers • Accounting for system composition, e.g., resource location 2013 Capacity and Energy Production Western Interconnection (U.S. only)

  5. Retirement of Conventional Generation Potential challenges … • Planning for hydro limitations • Re-evaluating nuclear’s role • Maintaining Essential Reliability Services • Accounting for local, state, and federal policies 2013 Added and Retired Capacity (MW)

  6. Natural Gas-Electric Interdependencies Potential challenges … • Understanding supply issues • Reconciling differences in scheduling practices • Planning for and operating during severe weather events 2012 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

  7. Changing Load Composition Potential challenges … • Managing high levels of new types of demand, e.g., PHEV • Accounting for demand-related policies, e.g., energy efficiency • Leveraging demand control and reduction mechanisms, e.g., demand-side management 2012 Electricity Consumption by Sector (Western Interconnection U.S. only)

  8. Effects of Changing Climate Potential challenges … • Managing the operational impacts from changes in • Temperature • Extreme weather events • Wildfires • Planning for resource adequacy impacts • Coping with immediate and long-term effects of drought • Responding to policies addressing climate change Western Climate Regions

  9. Integration of Variable Generation Potential challenges … • Understanding the drivers • Managing uncertainty • Balancing variability Wind and Solar Capacity Additions (MW)

  10. Balancing Variability 34 30 26 22 18 14 10 8 6 4 2 0 Potential challenges … • Planning for flexibility • Holding Operating Reserves • Diversifying variability • Implementing scheduling changes Example Wind and Solar Base-Load Ramping Scenario Load & Net Load (1,000 MW) Wind & Solar (1,000 MW) 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00

  11. Distributed Generation Potential challenges … • Managing variability • Improving visibility of DG resources • Coordinating control of DG resources • Reconciling practices and standards on response to faults

  12. Situational Awareness Potential challenges … • Increasing use of real-time tools • Coordinating information and data exchange • Expanding external visibility in models • Improving consistency and quality of next-day studies Use of Situational Awareness Tools (% Entities Surveyed in 2014)

  13. Equipment Failure Potential challenges … • Reducing outages caused by equipment failure • Minimizing the impact of equipment failures Automatic Transmission Outages Caused by Equipment Failure

  14. Protection System Reliability Potential challenges … • Evaluating and managing the interaction of RAS • Ensuring proper relay settings • Reducing relay misoperations 2013 Misoperations by Cause

  15. Operational Practices Potential challenges … • Evaluating trends in operational practices • Identifying best practices • Promoting adoption of practices across diverse entities

  16. Cybersecurity Potential challenges … • Securing assets and managing access • Detecting potential threats • Balancing benefits of technology with increased exposure to cyber risks • Identifying significant vulnerabilities on regional/Interconnection-wide basis

  17. Physical Security Potential challenges … • Ensuring proactive approach to physical security • Securing grid against a range of threats • Implementing CIP-014-1 • Managing costs • Addressing accessibility of assets Physical Security Electric Disturbances (DOE Form OE-417)

  18. High-Impact Low-Frequency Events Potential challenges … • Preventing coordinated cyber and/or physical attack • Mitigating potential impacts of geomagnetic disturbances • Identifying potential impacts of a pandemic • Predicting and mitigating impacts of large-scale disasters • Balancing probability v. risk in investment decisions

  19. Impacts of State Policy and Regulation Potential challenges … • Identifying policy and regulatory drivers • Ensuring policies and regulations consider reliability concerns • Emphasizing interconnected nature of the grid Western Climate Regions

  20. EPA 111(d) Clean Power Plan Potential challenges … • Evaluating the reliability impacts • Accounting for flexibility in implementation EPA 111(d) Compliance Building Blocks

  21. Functional Model Count of Selected Registered Entities in the Western Interconnection Potential challenges … • Aligning registration with the Functional Model • Addressing gaps in Planning Coordinator registration • Evaluating role of the Path Operator • Coordinating seams issues between registered functions

  22. Workforce Potential challenges … • Managing the workforce retirement transition • Addressing the reduction in knowledge capital • Managing cognitive overload created by increasing volume of tools, information, etc.

  23. Feedback Seeking feedback on • Challenges • Actions • In-Progress and Planned Work NOT seeking • Redline or editorial changes Website www.wecc.biz (link on front page) Email feedback to reliabilitychallenge@wecc.biz Feedback Deadline October 31, 2014 Western Electricity Coordinating Council

  24. Integrated Reliability Assurance Model Annual meeting dialogue Violations /Impact Conclusions/Results Reliability Planning Performance Analysis Registered Entity Oversight • Registration • Certification • Applicable standards • CMEP scoping WECC staff white paper • Work Plan Priorities • Changing resource mix • Retirement of conventional generation • Integration of VER • Natural gas/electric interdependency • Changing load composition • Protection system reliability • Physical/Cyber security • Human performance • High impact-low frequency events Business Plan and Budget • Outreach Efforts • Policy briefs/white papers • Training • Standards/SARs • CUG/CIPUG • Industry/policy forums Reliability Planning • Interconnection-wide models and data sets • Near- and long-term planning studies • Stability analysis Membership input Registered Entity Oversight Performance Analysis • Event Analysis • Independent BES assessments • Operating Practices survey(s) WIRAB input Stakeholder Outreach Trends/Priorities Other input

  25. Integrated Approach to Addressing Key Reliability Issues What are the potential impacts to reliability? Stability Studies Adequacy Assessments Congestion Analyses Reliability Issue Reliability Issue Policy Impact Studies Contingency Analyses Event Analysis

  26. White Paper Feedback Website www.wecc.biz (link on front page) Email feedback to reliabilitychallenge@wecc.biz Feedback Deadline October 31, 2014 Western Electricity Coordinating Council

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