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Basic of Programming Language

Basic of Programming Language. Skill Area 304.1. Materials Prepared by Dhimas Ruswanto , BMm. Lecture Overview. Computer System Computer Program Programming Language Programmer Translators. Computer System. Computer System. Processing (CPU/Memory). Input Devices. Output Devices.

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Basic of Programming Language

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  1. Basic of Programming Language Skill Area 304.1 Materials Prepared by DhimasRuswanto, BMm

  2. Lecture Overview • Computer System • Computer Program • Programming Language • Programmer • Translators

  3. Computer System

  4. Computer System Processing (CPU/Memory) Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices

  5. CPU • Also called CPU, processor or microprocessor • “Brains” of the computer • Performs all computer operations

  6. Main Memory • Where all the input data and results stored • Random Access Memory (RAM) • Read Only Memory (ROM)

  7. RAM • RAM is volatile =data are lost when computer is turned off • Read current info and also write new info • Very important in determining capabilities of the computer system • Stores work when they are in use. • Word Document • Spreadsheet • Power Point

  8. ROM • ROM is non-volatile= permanent and are not affected where computer is turned lost • Can read info Stored in ROM • Can not write new info into ROM • Used for “internal workings” of computer • Boot Software

  9. Computer Program

  10. Computer Program • A program or computer programis a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a particular task. • Programs are developed using programming language. • Computer programming is the art of developing computer programs. • Programming is rather like a recipe; describe the ingredients (the data) and the sequence of steps (the process)

  11. Computer Program (cont’d) • A program is developed to help the activity of humans easier • Examples: • Banks • Communication • Business • Medical Science • Education • Travel and Ticketing • Daily Life • etc

  12. Programming Language • A programming language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks • Programming language provides a set of rules to develop a program.

  13. Programmer • A Programmeris a person who writes a computer program. • The job of programmer is to convert a solution to a problem into set of instructions understood by a computer. • The programmer should test the program to see whether it is working. • Corrective actions should be taken if not working properly.

  14. Programmer (cont’d) When we want to write a program to solve a problem, • the hardest is to know how to start, • we also need to work out the steps to take for reaching the solution, • we also need to be sure that the program works without errors, according to the specifications.

  15. Why Programming? • Three good reasons for learning programming: • Programming helps you understand computers. • Writing a few simple programs increases your confidence level. • Learning programming lets you find out quickly whether you like programming and whether you have the analytical turn of mind programmers need.

  16. Types of Programming Language • Three types of Programming Language • Machine Language • Assembly Language • High-Level Language

  17. Machine Language • The lowest and most elementary level of Programming Language. • 1st type of PL to be developed. • Represented inside the computer by a String of binary digits (bits) 0 and 1. • The symbol 0 stands for the absence of Electric Pulse and 1 for the presence of an electric pulse

  18. WhyMachine Language? • Their order tells the computer what to do. • All other kinds of software need to be translated into machine code before they can be used.

  19. Assembly Language • Symbolic instruction what humans can understand • Form of alphanumeric symbols known as mnemonic codes. • Can have maximum up to 5 letter combination • E.g. • ADD for addition • SUB for subtraction

  20. Why Assembly Language? • Maps directly into machine language • Designed for a family of microprocessors MOV AX, BXADD AX, 5A INC BX JMP 100 01010011110 11010110110 10011101010 01010101010 Compile

  21. High-Level Language • High-Level language is basically symbolic languages that use English words and/or mathematical symbols rather than mnemonic codes. • Each instruction in the high-level language is translated into many machine language instructions.

  22. Purpose of High-Level Language • To enable people (programmer) to write program easily and in their own native language environment (English). • Examples: • C, C++, Java, VB, HTML

  23. Types of High-Level Language • Languages have been developed for general purpose and specific purpose • Types of High-Level Languages: • Algebraic Formula-Type Processing • Business Data Processing • String and List Processing • Object Oriented Programming Language (OOP) • Visual Programming Language

  24. Translators

  25. Translators • Types of Programming Language Translators: • Assembler • Interpreter • Compiler

  26. Assembler • To convert the assembly language into machine code. • Translate mnemonic operation codes to their machine language equivalents.

  27. Interpreter • A computer program that executes instructions written in a programming language and do not produces the executable file. • Interpreter: • Checks the keywords of a program • Taking one instruction at a time and convert it into machine language before taking upon the next instruction. • Examples of interpreter based language: • PHP, JavaScript, BASIC

  28. Complier • A program that changes source code (high-level language) to object code which that can be executedby a machine. • Compiler: • Checks syntax of program • Checks at a time all the program • Primary reason for compiling source code is to create an executable program • Examples of compiler based language: • C, C++, JAVA

  29. Executables • Executables: Files that actually do something by carrying out a set of instructions. • E.g., .exe files in Windows • Once the executable is there, it can be called by the user to process the given inputs to a program and produce the desired outputs.

  30. Computer System (CPU, Main Memory, Keyboard, Mouse, etc) • Computer Program • a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a particular task. • Programming Language • a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks • Programmer - a person who writes a computer program • Types of PL • Machine Language • Assembly Language • High-Level Language • Translators • Interpreter • Assembler • Compiler SUMMARY

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