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Creating, Protecting, and Using Crop Biotechnologies Worldwide in an Era of Intellectual Property

Creating, Protecting, and Using Crop Biotechnologies Worldwide in an Era of Intellectual Property. Philip G Pardey. Professor of Science and Technology Policy Department of Applied Economics WIPO-UPOV Symposium, Geneva, October 24, 2003. Location of Agricultural R&D.

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Creating, Protecting, and Using Crop Biotechnologies Worldwide in an Era of Intellectual Property

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  1. Creating, Protecting, and Using Crop Biotechnologies Worldwide in an Era of Intellectual Property Philip G Pardey Professor of Science and Technology Policy Department of Applied Economics WIPO-UPOV Symposium, Geneva, October 24, 2003

  2. Location of Agricultural R&D Public and Private Ag. R&D, 1995 $33.2 billion Developed 64% Developing 36% Bioengineered Crop Trials 11, 523 trials

  3. U.S. Bioengineered Crop Trial Permits

  4. Plant Breeders’ Rights Applications Worldwide Total = 42,323 Total = 1,582

  5. US PVP Applicants Data from 1971 to end of 2002

  6. Biotechnology Patent Applications

  7. Freedom to Operate and LDC Research • Increasing number and breadth of IPRs • Concerns of a “lock out” phenomenon • Extent of exclusionary rights determined by • Jurisdictional limitations on IP and the location of R&D • Bilateral South-North trade patterns

  8. Area Shares of Modern Varieties of Rice, Wheat, and Maize

  9. Area Sown to Bioengineered Crops Worldwide

  10. Bioengineered Cropping Intensities—U.S vs Rest-of-World, 2002

  11. End of talk

  12. IP Economics • Appropriability and the incentive to invent • The social contract • Circumscribed exclusionary rights for public disclosure • Static costs of patents • Transitory– for the life of the patent • Cumulative innovation processes and dynamic costs

  13. Total Agricultural R&D Worldwide, 1995 Total - $33.2 billion $10.2 billion $11.5 billion Public Public Developing Developed Private Private $0.7 billion $10.8 billion

  14. Field Trials of Bioengineered Crops Worldwide Data through to December 2000

  15. Plant Breeders’ Rights Applications Worldwide

  16. Plant Breeders’ Rights Applications, U.S. vs Europe

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