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Describing Matter

Describing Matter. Describing Matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass . “ Stuff” that makes up everything in the universe. Describing Matter. What exactly is matter? Look at its properties All substances have properties. More properties we ID, the more we know.

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Describing Matter

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  1. Describing Matter

  2. Describing Matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. “Stuff” that makes up everything in the universe.

  3. Describing Matter What exactly is matter? Look at its properties All substances have properties. More properties we ID, the more we know

  4. I. How can we describe matter? Descriptions of matter 1. color 2. shape 3. size 4. texture 5. flammability 6. Melting point 7. Boiling point Can ONLY ONE of these be used to identify matter?

  5. Similarly – matter has properties Characteristic Properties –properties that remain the same regardless of the amount of matter you have. States of mattercan change – solid, liquid, gas – all still the same substance

  6. Characteristic properties Characteristic properties -properties that are the same regardless of the amount of sample you have. 1. Boiling point 2. Melting point 3. Density 4. Magnetism 5. Solubility These are physical properties

  7. Which one is a characteristic property? • A. Color • B. Size • C. Texture • D. Density Formative Assessment

  8. Which one could be used to help identify this substance? • A. volume • B. Color • C. melting point • D. Size Formative Assessment

  9. Physical properties

  10. Question Which white powder was corn starch? What are the physical and chemical properties of corn starch and how do they help us identify it? lets take a look Can you think of anything else that acts like corn starch.

  11. Physical properties • Characteristic that can be observed without changing it into another substance. • State of matter • Frozen fruit bar. • Chemical properties • Characteristic that describes its ability to change into different substances. • Iron combines with oxygen in the air to form a different substance. Rusting. • Other examples? Physical and chemical properties of matter

  12. physical and chemical changes

  13. A. Physical Changes - • 1. Alter the form or appearance of a substance, but NOT its identity.(change of state) • 2. Examples: • a. Crushing a soda can • b. Tearing paper • c. Boiling water • d. Filtering dirty water • e. Mixing sugar into iced tea II. Changes in Matter

  14. B. Chemical changes • 1. One or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances. • 2. Original identity is changed. • 3. Examples: • a. Heating table sugar to make caramel • b. Burning wood to change it to ash and CO2 • c. Digesting food to break it into its basic parts II. Changes in Matter

  15. 1.Baking soda and vinegar • 2.Hydrogen peroxide and beef liver • 3.Vanilla extract inside a balloon • 4.Water + borax + white glue • 5.Alka seltzer in water • 6.Solid from 2 liquids. • Identify as physical or chemical changes Demos

  16. Which is a chemical change? • A. Rotting leaves • B. Freezing orange juice • C. Mixing oil and water • D. Mixing salt and water Formative Assessment

  17. Which is a physical change? • A. Rusting iron • B. Melting butter • C. Separating water into hydrogen and oxygen • D. Tarnishing silver Formative Assessment

  18. A. Mixtures • 1. Two or more substances mixed together, but are NOT chemically combined. • 2. The individual substances retain their own properties. • 3. They can be separated. • 4. Examples: • a. Salad • b. Lucky Charms • c. Sand and grass and rocks • d. Oxygen and nitrogen in the air III. Types of Matter

  19. 5. Solutions – the “best-mixed” of all mixtures, occurs when one substance dissolves in another. • a. Salt water • b. Lemonade • c. Carbon dioxide in soda

  20. B. Pure Substances • 1. Made of only one kind of matter. • 2. Every sample of a pure substance is always the same. • 3. Elements • a. Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means. • b. Oxygen, iron, gold, neon, calcium, nitrogen…

  21. 4. Compounds • a. chemical combinations of two or more different elements. • b. Can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. • c. Water, sugar, salt, wood, rocks, plastic, carbon dioxide • d. Water (H20) can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen (elements) by applying an electric current to it.

  22. Mixture – hold up purple card • Pure Substance – hold up gray card • 1. sand • 2. copper • 3. water • 4. fruit juice Formative Assessment

  23. Mixture – purple card • Solution – grey card • Element – green card • Compound – brown card • 1. sugar • 2. sugar in water (2 answers) • 3. water • 4. aluminum • 5. rice with vegetables Formative Assessment

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