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Computer Networks

Computer Networks. First Quarter Marking Period Review. Signals. Digital Signals. Computer systems use binary code to communicate. Ones and zeros are strung together to form instructions to the computer . Computer networks use electric pulses across wire to communicate.

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Computer Networks

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  1. Computer Networks First Quarter Marking Period Review

  2. Signals

  3. Digital Signals • Computer systems use binary code to communicate. Ones and zeros are strung together to form instructions to the computer. • Computer networks use electric pulses across wire to communicate. • The pulses travel with less static and interference than analog signals, which tend to degrade more across longer distances.

  4. Analog Signals

  5. Modems

  6. Packet-Switching • Information is broken down into packets and sent across the Internet via different routes • Each packet is labeled with sending computer and destination computer addresses • Network switches and routers use these addresses to forward the packets to their destination • By sending packets through many computers instead of one direct route, computers can be added to the network and if one crashes the packets can go a different way • The packages have a specific order and are reassembled in that order when they arrive at the destination

  7. IP Protocol • A protocol is a set of rules that governs how something works • Internet Protocol (IP) breaks data into packets and puts them in the correct order. • All IP packets have a header that contains information such as the total number of packets and the order they should go in. • The actual data in the packet is sometimes called the payload.

  8. TCP Protocol • Transmission Control Protocol selects the best route for a packet to travel and takes care of any problems along the way. • TCP can request re-sending of packets, reroute a packet to avoid problems, and helps minimize network congestion.

  9. TCP/IP Packet • This is what a packet might look like:

  10. Packet Switching Diagram

  11. Diagram • You will be create a diagram of a packet switching network showing how information is broken into packets that travel across different routes to get to their destination. • Include the following in your diagram: source and destination computers; several routers; two packets going different routes with arrows showing direction they are traveling; a description of what IP and TCP are doing.

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