Warm Up: Images Notes: Truman and the Cold War Closing Activity: Quotes Review

1. Warm Up: ImagesNotes: Truman and the Cold WarClosing Activity: QuotesReview

6. Korea and the Cold War

7. Communist China -Chang Kai-shek U.S. backed leader Nationalist govt. leader – sent 3 billion in aid by U.S. -Mao Zedong – Communist leader communist Worked to win peasant support -Communists win China Nationalists had abusive practices towards peasants

8. Communist China -Nationalist go to Taiwan A.K.A. Formosa – Recognized as national govt. even though it was no longer in control of China -U.S. doesn’t recognize China Will not recognize it until the 1970’s

9. Korean War -Korean split along 38thparallel – August 1945 -Northern Communists invade the south, 1950 -War starts as a UN “police action” to repel the communist aggression UN agrees to support S.K. – 520,000 troops -U.S. enters to save South Korea Gen. Douglas MacArthur

10. Korean War Inchon Invasion saves South Korea pushes N. Korea back over the 38th -MacArthur launches counter and pushes into N. Korea will push too far N. that China will get involved

12. Korean War -China enters war on side of North Korea wants N. Korea as a buffer state -War stalemates MacArthur wants to attack China, disagrees with Truman who wants limited war MacArthur wants to use nuclear weapons -MacArthur criticizes the President Discussions, Magazines, Newspapers

13. Korean War -Truman fires MacArthur -War drags on for two more years Soviet Union steps in to suggest a cease fire -War finally ends in 1953 near the 38th parallel

14. Fear of Communists -Communist spies discovered Public becomes terrified and paranoid -USSR gets atomic bomb -loyalty boards Anyone found to be communist was let go if they worked for the U.S. govt. -Bill of Rights questioned Many felt loyalty investigations overstepped civil rights

15. Fear of Communists -House Un-American Activities Committee Checking films for Pro-Communist ideologies Hollywood Ten Imprisoned, agreed with the govt. but refused to testify or give names -”blacklisting” Refused work if perceived to have Communist background

16. Fear of Communists -Alger Hiss -state dept. official accused of spying Govt. documents on microfilm – found guilty of perjury – Nixon gains fame for charging Hiss -Rosenbergs -accused of passing atomic secrets -found guilty and executed Estimates were 3-5 more years to Soviet bomb success; Fuch (provided info to Soviets) implicated the Rosenbergs

17. Fear of Communists -Joseph McCarthy “Witch Hunt” – Gain public support through false accusations (running for reelection) Senate investigations 1954 Army Hearings Costs McCarthy public support when taking on the Army as Communist

18. Foreign Policy Legacy -”The buck stops here” Willing to take full responsibility for his actions -Ended WW II -Atomic Bomb decision -Marshall Plan Provided aid to keep out Communism -Truman Doctrine Goal is to stop the spread of Communism -Korean War Secures S. Korea and does not lead to WWIII w/ China

19. Readjustment -millions of troops demobilized -G.I. Bill– Servicemen’s Readjustment Act education – Govt. pays part of tuition low cost loans – buy houses, farms, or businesses w/ low interest rate

20. Readjustment -Suburbia Levittowns – Efficient, assembly line methods to build rows of houses -affluent society – Galbraith – American prosperity great demand for goods – people had done without during the war and could now spend

21. Readjustment -millions of troops demobilized -G.I. Bill education low cost loans -Suburbia Levittowns -affluent society great demand for goods

22. Truman -”The Buck Stops Here” -postwar economy was first major domestic problem Shortages, inflation, and labor strikes -threat of gov’t control of industry in order to prevent strikes---union power curbed -Taft-Hartley Act – Overturned the New Deal policies that had given unions rights

23. Civil Rights -Truman takes a firm stand on civil rights -1948 Truman integrated the military Without Congressional approval -asked Congress for civil rights legislation Anti-lynching, ban on poll tax, and civil rights commission -Congress refused to pass any new laws and Truman angered party members who supported segregation If not reelected, at least it is for a good cause

24. 1948 Election -Truman – Dem. -Thomas Dewey –R Comfortable lead in the polls -Dixiecrats – Southern Democrats who don’t approve civil rights Strom Thurmond -Truman was the underdog -called Congress into session and used inaction against them Talked to people on across country campaign by train – “Do-Nothing” Congress -Truman wins in major upset

25. 1948 Election -Truman – Dem. -Thomas Dewey –R -Dixiecrats Strom Thurmond -Truman was the underdog -called Congress into session and used inaction against them -Truman wins in major upset

27. Fair Deal -Truman proposed an extension of the New Deal -Congress supported some and ignored others -health insurance (no) – nation wide -crop subsidies (no) – income to farmers -extension of social security (yes) Increase # of people covered -low income housing (yes) Clear out slums -aid to schools (no)

28. Domestic Legacy -Social Policies -begins desegregation policies -military integration – initial steps to end legal segregation and discrimination – starts with military b/c it is the one area Presidents don’t need Congressional approval -Economic and Political Policy -tried to extend New Deal -many of his domestic policies would become reality in the 1960’s

29. Quotes • “What the communists, the North Koreans, were doing was nothing new…Hitler and Mussolini and the Japanese were doing the same things in the 1930’s…Nobody had stood up to them. And that is what led to the Second World War.” President Harry Truman • “we moved to Heartbreak Ridge…Our trenches in that sector were only about 20 meters in front of theirs…We couldn’t move at all in the daytime without getting shot at…We lived in amaze of bunkers and deep trenches…There were bodies strewn all over the place. Hundreds of bodies frozen in the snow.” 1st Lt. Bev Scott • “The first time I was called a communist, I was 4 years old…I’ll never forget the look in our neighbor’s eyes when I walked by. I thought it was hate. I was too young to realize it was fear.” Tony Kahn, son of accused Communist Screenwriter • “I believe your conduct in putting into the hands of the Russians the A-bomb years before our best scientists predicted Russia would perfect the bomb has already caused in my opinion, the Communist aggression in Korea.” Irving Kaufman, Judge in Rosenberg Case

30. “I have in my hand 57 cases of individuals who would appear to be either card carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party, but who nevertheless are still helping to shape our foreign policy…” Joseph McCarthy • “I think it is high time that we remembered that we have sworn to uphold and defend the Constitution. I think it is high time that we remembered the Constitution, as amended, speaks not only of the freedom of speech but also of trial by jury instead of trial by accusation.” Senator Margaret Smith • “The Nation sorely needs a Republican victory. But I do not want to see the Republican Party ride to political victory on the Four Horsemen of Calumny--fear, ignorance, bigotry and smear…” Senator Margaret Smith • “We aren’t going to go back to where we were before the war. We’ve shed our blood and proved our loyalty, and we’re going to fight for all that is rightfully due us. We won’t turn back.” African American Jesse Hall

31. Quiz

32. What war would begin in 1950 as communist forces invaded a non-communist nation?

33. What controversy would erupt between the General and President Truman?

34. This committee of Congress began investigations into alleged communist activities in Hollywood?

35. He was a U.S. Senator who gained great fame through his accusations of communist activity?

36. What was the name of the platform in which Truman campaigned with in 1948 and tried to implement in the following years?

37. This husband and wife were accused, convicted and executed for giving information to communist agents?

38. Name the group of Southern Democrats who decided to mount a third party candidacy for the Presidency in 1948?

39. Which US. General was sent under a United Nations operation to prevent a communist victory?

40. This is the name of the first true suburb community in America?

41. What specific action did Truman take that proved his commitment to civil rights?

42. This was a federal law which created low cost loans for returning soldiers to start homes or go to college?

43. Name the Communist Leader who led a Communist takeover of China in 1949?