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Saludos desde Campina Grande!!

Electrónica de Potencia y Eficiencia Energética. Rama Estudiantil, Rosario - 2009. Saludos desde Campina Grande!!. Edison Roberto Cabral da Silva. Electrónica de Potencia y Eficiencia Energética. Resúmen. Introducción Energia en el mondo Electrónica de potencia y energia

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Saludos desde Campina Grande!!

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  1. Electrónica de Potencia y Eficiencia Energética Rama Estudiantil, Rosario - 2009 Saludos desde Campina Grande!! Edison Roberto Cabral da Silva

  2. Electrónica de Potencia y Eficiencia Energética Resúmen • Introducción • Energia en el mondo • Electrónica de potencia y energia • Electrónica de potencia y economia de energia • Conclusiones

  3. Energy: earthlights from space

  4. Net Electrical Energy in the world Adapted from data of the US Department of Energy

  5. Net Electrical Energy in the world

  6. Renewable Energy Sources Available renewable energy. The volume of the cubes represent the amount of available hydro, thermal, wind and solar energy. The small red cube shows the proportional global energy consumption. Values are in TW =1012 Watt. The amount of available renewable energy dwarfs the global consumption. Source: Wilkipedia

  7. Use of energy Transmission Hydro AC AC AC 120 – 765 kV

  8. Use of Energy Distribution Computers 400 V Industry Motor drive 3 – 34 kV Fans, etc Motor drive

  9. Breakdowns/ Strikes Maintenance Downtime Fuel Problems Power Plant (~1000 MW) Forest Fires/ Salt Spray Wind/ Lightning/ Ice Balloons/Hunters Birds/Animals Transmission Line (~100 mi) Wind/ Lightning/ Ice Equipment Failures Collisions Trees/ Birds/ Animals Distribution Substation Distribution Line (~10 mi) Secondary Line (~100’) Distribution Transformer Dig-ins Trees Animals Customers Problems with Conventional Utility With permission of Ram Adapa

  10. Conventional distribution can lead to this!!!!

  11. How to avoid that? • Power quality • Distributed generation • Energy efficiency

  12. Power Quality Disturbances Effects of grid and load on PCC • The ideal case: pure sinusoidal waveform with constant magnitude • PQ disturbances cause distortion on this waveform or its RMS values • The characteristics of the distortion determine the disturbance type

  13. Power Quality Disturbances M Magnitude RMS plot D - Short-duration variations (sags, swells and interruptions): - Voltage imbalance - Voltage fluctuations (flicker): Sag: Swell: - Transients: Interruption: b) oscillatory transients a) impulsive transients With permission of Wilsun Sun a) impulsive transients

  14. Power Quality Disturbances Use of usual rectifier topologies Voltage notches Displacement angle Bose

  15. Improving Power Quality

  16. FACTS = acronym for Flexible Alternating Current Systems the FACTS concept is based on the incorporation of power electronic devices and methods into the high-voltage side of the network, to make it electronically controllable FACTS uses advances taking place in the area of high-voltage and high-current power electronics, aiming at increasing the control of power flows in the high-voltage side of the network during both steady-state and transient conditions What is FACTS?

  17. High Voltage AC Transmission FACTS - principles With permission of Ram Adapa

  18. Voltage Source Converter: “A Building Block for New Transmission” Gate Turn Off: GTO, IGCT, IGBT

  19. FACTS Equipment Transmission Applications of VSC With permission of Ram Adapa

  20. AC/AC three-phase converters The VSC at the sending end performs the role of rectifier and the VSC at the receiving end performs the role of inverter

  21. bus k bus m EvI EvR + VDC - Back-to-back HVDC-VSC ma IvI IvR ma Vm Vk vI vR VvI VvR FACTS Equipment Based on VSCs bus m bus k Vk Vm IcI Shunt Series EcI IvR + VDC - EvR ma ma cR vR VcR VvR UPFC Unified control system With permission of Enrique Acha

  22. FACTS Equipment Transmission Applications of VSC With permission of Ram Adapa

  23. Equipmento FACTS: STATCOM • Example: • 320MVA 138kV UPFC • (GTO Based) Source: Toshiba Electric With permission of Ram Adapa

  24. What is Custom Power Technology? Custom Power Technology is a new class of utility-side power quality disturbance management solutions: • Power electronics based. • Enable utilities to provide sensitive customers enhanced • quality of power supply.

  25. Custom power technology Power factor control (AC/DC) Bose

  26. Single-phase Power Factor Control Experimental results: input current (larger: 1 A/div) and mains voltage (smaller: 50V/div). Hor.: 10ms/div.

  27. Active Power Filters (APF)Topologies • Series configuration • Shunt configuration The Unified Power Quality Conditioner

  28. Combined Transmission DC AC AC Hydro AC 120 – 765 kV

  29. HVDC Transmission HVDC de 3000 MW Equivalent AC system HVDC can transfer more power than an AC system !!

  30. Distributed generation Wind turbine Transmission DC AC AC Hydro AC 120 – 765 kV

  31. A Power System of Future? Distributed Generation

  32. How important is power electronics? CV CV CV CV LV Distribution Equipament: CPE (active filter, PF controllers, etc) HVAC transmission Equipament: FACTS Adapted from slide of Keyue Smedley

  33. UAU, LA ELETRóNICA DE POTÊNCIA ESTÁ EN TODAS LAS PARTES!!! NO HAS VISTO A NADIE, TODAVIA!!!

  34. A Power System of the Future?

  35. Zero Energy Home

  36. Zero Energy Home http://www.energy.gov/energytips.htm

  37. Zero Energy Home

  38. Power electronics and energy saving Hybrid vehicle Economy from 20 to 50% of liquid fuel (diesel, gasolina, ethanol, etc) and emission between 40 and 90% -- depending on the gas – of less poluents into the atmosphere.

  39. Photovoltic Energy Scenario • SAFE, RELIABLE, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN • NO NEED OF REPAIR OR MAINTAINANCE • BUT • PV PANELS ARE EXPENSIVE • POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY:16% • BACK-UP POWER REQUIREMENT APPLICATIONS: SPACE POWER ROOF TOP INSTALLATIONS OFF-GRID REMOTE APPLICATIONS Bose

  40. Auburn University solar house

  41. Modular photovoltaic array #1

  42. Googleplex solar system Courtesy: Google

  43. Solúcar solar thermal plant Source: Solúcar Energia

  44. Solúcar solar tower Source: Solúcar Energia

  45. Wind Energy Scenario • IS THE MOST ECONOMICAL, ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN AND SAFE “GREEN” POWER • AVAILABILITY OF 370 TW – TAPPING ONLY 5% CAN SUPPLY ELECTRICITY NEED OF THE WHOLE WORLD • COMPETETIVE COST WITH FOSSIL FUEL POWER • KEY ENERGY SOURCE FOR FUTURE HYDROGEN ECONOMY Bose

  46. Doubly-fed induction turbine

  47. A Power System of the Future?

  48. Fuel Cell Power Scenario • HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN COMBINE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY AND WATER • SAFE, STATIC, HIGH EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN • GENERATE HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS OR BY REFORMER (FROM GASOLINE, METHANOL) • BUT • BULKY AND VERY EXPENSIVE AT PRESENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGY • SLOW RESPONSE AND NEED OF SAFETY ACTION • POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: FUEL CELL CAR, PORTABLE POWER, BUILDING COGENERATION, DISTRIBUTED POWER FOR UTILITY, UPS SYSTEM • SIGNIFICANT FUTURE PROMISE Single cell: 0.6 V (dc), 0.7 A/cm2 5-10 kW for residences Multiple cells for higher power Connect in series: VS = nVFC, in parallel: IS = nIFC Bose

  49. A Power System of the Future?

  50. Linear generator in buoy Source: Oregon State Univ.

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