The 1960’s

1. The 1960’s

2. A. Kennedy’s Domestic Policies

3. Education Medical Care for the Elderly Urban Renewal Tax Cuts End Racial Discrimination Plans: New Frontier

4. Most not passed due to resistance in Congress After his death Johnson is able to pass many of JFK’s programs Failures

5. Americans were behind in the Space Race Kennedy promoted $24 billion project to land Americans on the moon 1969, Apollo 11 mission landed on the moon Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong Space Race

8. B. LBJ Takes Over

9. Nov 22, 1963 Kennedy is shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested The Assassination of a President

10. Warren Commission • Commission led by Earl Warren that investigated JFK’s assassination • Concluded that Oswald was a lone gunman

11. The New President • Pledged to continue Kennedy’s policies • Got Kennedy’s Civil Rights bill (Civil Rights Act of 1964) and tax cut bill passed • One of the few Southern Democrats in favor of Civil Rights

12. C. The Election of 1964

13. Barry Goldwater (Rep) Wanted to abolish social welfare programs and use Nukes in Vietnam Lyndon Johnson (Dem) Promised a Great Society and would not cause Nuclear War Nominees

14. Campaign • Daisy Ad campaign highlights the belief that electing Goldwater would mean nuclear war • Goldwater not popular with moderate Republicans

15. The Results • Johnson wins by a landslide

16. D. The Great Society

17. The War on Poverty • 40-50 million Americans were considered poor • Attributed to loss of unskilled jobs • Office of Economic Opportunity (1964) • Job Training • Legal Services • Scholarships

18. Head Start (1965) • Pre-school program • Help disadvantaged children prepare for school • Programs also passed to aid elementary and secondary schools

19. Medicare Act of 1965 • Health insurance for the elderly • Medicade – health insurance for the low income

20. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) • Provided low-income housing • $2.9 billion to urban renewal

21. Immigration Act of 1965 • Undid National Origins Act of 1924 • 1st come, 1st served • Precedence given to: • Family ties • Skills necessary for the U.S. • Political Refugees • Did set limits • 120,000 from Western Hemisphere • 170,000 from Eastern Hemisphere

22. Impact of Immigration Act • Opened the floodgates • Latin America (esp Mexico) • Asia (Southeast Asia) • Caribbean • Sunbelt most impacted • Increase in illegal immigration began

23. Johnson’s Legacy • Achievements compared to FDR’s New Deal • Poverty reduced from 22% to 13% • Great Society overshadowed and under-funded because of Vietnam War

24. E. Election of 1968

25. Problems with the 1968 Election • LBJ decides not to run because of Vietnam

26. Assassination of MLK & Race Riots • Killed April 4, 1968 • Sparked race riots in major U.S. cities

27. Bobby Kennedy (Dem) is assassinated after California primary (June 1968)

28. Riot in Chicago at the Democratic Convention between police and anti-war activists

29. Richard Nixon (Rep) Promised to restore law and order Hubert Humphrey (Dem) Represented all of the problems of the country Nominees

30. George Wallace (Am. Ind) Ran on a campaign of pro-segregation

31. Results • Nixon wins, but is a minority president

32. F. American Culture 1960’s Version

33. Impact of Baby Boomers • ↑ affluent youth + ↑ jobs requiring post-high school skills = ↑ college students • 1950 - 1 million college students • 1968 – 7 million college students • Exposure to ideas that challenged traditional views

34. New Left • Influenced by the Beats of the 1950’s • Liberal political movement of the 1960’s • Wanted a participatory democracy, critiqued Am. values, and anti-conformity • Opposed “The Establishment” • Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) epitomized this movement • Anti-war • Pro-Civil Rights • Free Speech

35. Counterculture • Grew out of the New Left • Was a way of life rather than just a political movement • Wanted a lifestyle of drug use, free love, and a rejection of adult authority

36. Hippies becames the most known counterculture movement • Fought for racial equality, women's rights, sexual liberation, relaxation of prohibitions against recreational drugs, and an end to the Vietnam War

37. Hippie culture was best embodied by the new genre of psychedelic rock music • The Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, The Doors, The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Janis Joplin.

38. G. Societal Changes of the 1960’s

39. Sexual Revolution • Challenged traditional values of pre-marital sex as taboo • Encouraged by mass marketing of birth control • “Free Love” – separating sex from procreation • Became part of the youth rebellion

40. Breakdown of the Family • By 1965, divorce rates were on the rise • TV replaced parenting

41. Women’s Rights • Eleanor Roosevelt began to highlight the inequalities women faced • Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique (1963) explored how unfulfilling women found being housewives • The middle class suburban dream had become a nightmare • Began the Feminist Movement “The suburban home is a comfortable concentration camp”

42. National Organization of Women (NOW) founded in 1966 • Called for equal employment opportunities and equal pay • Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) began in 1967 but ultimately failed