Unit 5 (Part 2) Review

1. Unit 5 (Part 2) Review

2. Animal Characteristics • Heterotrophs • Multicellular • Move from place to place at some point in their lives. • Most reproduce sexually.

3. 3 Things Animals Need To Survive • Food • Water • Oxygen

4. Different Types of Feeders • Herbivore • Eats plants (veggies/fruit) • Carnivore • Eats other animals (meat) • Omnivore • Eats plants and animals

5. How To Classify Animals • Scientists group animals into different phyla based on the following characteristics: • DNA • Body structure • Development of the embryo (fertilized egg)

6. Worm Characteristics • Invertebrates • Have long, narrow bodies without legs. • Have tissues, organs, and organ systems. • Bilateral symmetry. • Have heads and tails.

7. 3 Major Phyla of Worms • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms • Phylum Annelida • Segmented worms

8. Characteristics: Flatworms • Shape = flat • Most are parasitic (i.e. tapeworms) • Examples = tapeworms and planarians

9. Characteristics: Roundworms • Live in moist environments. • Shape = cylindrical • Type of feeder: • Carnivores • Herbivores • Parasites • Examples = hookworm

10. Characteristics: Segmented Worms • Shape = segmented or sectioned • Have a closed circulatory system • Come out at night to feed because... • Predators are asleep • Night air is moist – get oxygen from water. • Examples = earthworms

11. Earthworms are helpful • Earthworms make the soil more fertile by pooping in it. • They also loosen the soil by making tunnels which makes it easier for plant roots to grow into the ground. • More plants = more food for humans.

12. Mollusk Characteristics • invertebrates • Soft bodies • Mantle – protects inner organs, makes shell • Foot - to help move • Most have a shell (EXCEPT: slugs, octopuses)

13. 3 Major Classes • Class Gastropoda • Snails and slugs. • Class Bivalvia • Clams, oysters, squid, mussels • Class Cephalapoda • Squid, nautiluses, octopuses, cuttlefish

14. Characteristics: Gastropods • Radula – tiny ribbon of teeth used to scrape food. • One shelled

15. Characteristics: Bivalves • Two shells • No radula • Have gills • Foot adapted for digging • Live in watery environments

16. Characteristics: Cephalopods • Complex nervous system • Swim using jet propulsion • Foot = tentacles that surround mouth

17. Squid Adaptations • Chromatosphores – camoflauge • Tentacles/arms – to grab food • Jet propulsion – to move (for food, away from predators) • Eyes on side of head – can see behind them • Gills – get oxygen from water • Ink sac – used to get away from predator

18. Arthropod Characteristics • Invertebrates • Exoskeleton • Segmented body • Joint appendages

19. 4 Major Classes • Crustaceans • Lobster, crayfish, shrimp, crabs • Arachnids • Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions • Insects • Ants, flies, beetles, cricket, bees, etc. • Myriapods • Centipedes, Millipedes

20. Characteristics: Crustaceans • 2-3 body sections • 14 appendages • 5 or more pairs of legs • 2 pairs of antennae • Lives in water or damp places. • Some are carnivores, others are herbivores.

21. Characteristics: Arachnids • 2 body sections • 8 appendages • 4 pairs of legs • No antennae • Lives mostly on land • carnivores

22. Characteristics: Insects • 3 body sections • 8 appendages • 3 pairs of legs • 1 pair of antennae • Lives mostly on land • Some are carnivores, some are herbivores

23. Characteristics: Millipedes • 80 or more body sections • 160 or more appendages • 160 or more pairs of legs (2 pairs on each segment) • 1 pair of antennae • Live in warm/moist environments • herbivores

24. Characteristics: Centipedes • 100 or more body sections • 200 or more appendages • 100 or more pairs of legs • 1 pair of antennae • Live in warm/moist environments • carnivores

25. Arthropod’s Body • The arthropod’s body is split up into three main sections: • Head • Abdomen • Thorax

26. Vertebrate Characteristics • Phylum Chordata • Have a notochord • Turns into a backbone in MOST vertebrates. • Have a nerve cord • Have slits in throat area (called pharyngeal slits) • Endoskeleton

27. Endoskeleton • Internal (inside) skeleton • Made up of three major bones: • Backbone • Skull • Ribs • Purpose: • Supports body • Helps give body shape • Gives muscles a place to attach

28. Ectotherm vs. Endotherm • Ectotherms (i.e. reptiles, fishes) • Body does not make internal heat. • Body temperature depends on temp. of environment. • Endotherm (i.e. humans) • Body temperature is controlled from inside. • Body temperature does NOT depend on outside environment.

29. Fishes Characteristics • Vertebrate • Closed circulatory system • Most have fins – steering/moving • Gills

30. 3 Classes of Fishes • Jawless Fishes • Hagfish, lampreys • Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks, Skates, Rays • Bony Fishes • Garibaldi, goldfish, sheep head, trout, tuna, etc.

31. Characteristics: Jawless Fishes • No scales • No jaws • Skeleton made of cartilage • Do not have pairs of fins

32. Characteristics: Cartilaginous Fishes • Have scales • Have jaws • Skeleton made of cartilage • Have pairs of fins • Cannot pump water over gills – must keep moving or sit in current

33. Characteristics: Bony Fishes • Have scales • Have jaws • Skeleton made of hard bone • Pumps water over gills – water comes in through mouth and is pumped over gills • Swim bladder • gas filled organ • fish won’t sink or float (neutral buoyancy)

34. Mammals Characteristics • Endothermic • Vertebrates • 4 chambered heart • Have fur or hair – keeps body warm • Internal (inside) fertilization • Gives birth to live young (EXCEPT monotremes) • Young fed with mother’s milk

35. 3 Groups of Mammals • Monotremes • Duck-Billed Platypus • Marsupials • Kangaroos, Opossums • Placental • Humans

36. Characteristics: Monotremes • Young develop from eggs laid by mother

37. Characteristics: Marsupials • Young are born alive early (premature) • Continue to grow and develop in mother’s pouch

38. Characteristics: Placental • Develop inside mother’s body attached to a placenta (a sac connected by a tube that feeds the baby nutrients from the mother) • They are not born at an early stage of development