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Origins of Judaism

Comunicación y Gerencia. Origins of Judaism. Jewish People In History. Homeland Area of Palestine called Canaan In 1800 BC (or so), Yahweh (God) told Abraham to go to Canaan, from Ur (in Sumeria) B’rit: contract between Yahweh, Abraham as father of Jewish people

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Origins of Judaism

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  1. Comunicación y Gerencia Origins of Judaism

  2. Jewish People In History • Homeland • Area of Palestine called Canaan • In 1800 BC (or so), Yahweh (God) told Abraham to go to Canaan, from Ur (in Sumeria) • B’rit: contract between Yahweh, Abraham as father of Jewish people • Yahweh promised to protect Jewish people • Jewish people promised to obey Yahweh

  3. Jewish People in History • Around 1650 BC, Jewish people moved from Canaan to Egypt • Exodus • Egypt first welcomed them (Joseph story), then later enslaved them • Hebrews fled Egypt between 1300 and 1200 BC, back to Canaan (Moses story)

  4. Exodus • New Covenant • Moses went to Mt. Sinai to pray; there, he encountered Yahweh • Moses brings the Ten Commandments • Basis for civil, religious laws of Judaism • New agreement between Yahweh, Jewish people • God protects them if they follow commandments • Hebrews wander for 40 years before reaching Canaan (central Palestine)

  5. Kingdom of Israel • Hebrews expanded North, South to get more natural resources • Philistines challenged Hebrews, but lost (David story) • Kingdom of Israel • Jerusalem was its capitol • Famous kings: David, Solomon (baby splitter) • Kingdom of Judah (southern portion rebelled)

  6. Foreign Domination • By 738 BC, both kingdoms paying tribute to Assyria (bribes not to invade) • Assyrians lost to Neo-Babylonians • Policy was to re-locate conquered people within Empire • Jews were spread out! • Called the “Babylonian Captivity” • 539 BC: Persians defeated Babylonians, allowed Hebrews back to Jerusalem to rebuild city

  7. Sources of Jewish Law, Belief • Torah (“written law”) • First five books of Bible • Tell the story of how Yahweh chose Jewish people to be examples of how to live, worship • Most broadly, Torah means the entire body of Jewish law: written, oral, Talmud, contemporary interp.

  8. Talmud • Law for the Jewish people • Originally, oral law passed down by rabbis to students • Talmud organized topically, like an encyclopedia

  9. Ten Commandments • Religious, ethical principles of Jewish people • Moses brought them to the Jewish people • First five = community • Next five = individual

  10. Belief System • Monotheistic: belief in one God, Yahweh • One God who is all powerful, personal, eternal

  11. Belief System • Importance of Prophets • Words of prophets are true • Literally means one who proclaims word of God (spokesman of Yahweh) • Important prophets: Abraham, Moses, Jesus

  12. Reward and Punishment • Follow the Covenant and be rewarded with Yahweh’s protection • Intentionally disobey Covenant and face Yahweh’s wrath • Chosen people • Jewish people were chosen by Yahweh as examples to rest of world (worship) • Does not mean that they are the only ones to be saved

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