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Chapter Four

Chapter Four. Buddhism. Branches of Buddhism. Theravada—“way of the elders” “Southern school” (southeast Asia) Conservative Monastic focus Mahayana—“big vehicle” “Northern school” (east Asia) Speculative Greater focus on layperson Vajrayana—“diamond vehicle” Tibetan Buddhism

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Chapter Four

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  1. Chapter Four Buddhism

  2. Branches of Buddhism • Theravada—“way of the elders” • “Southern school” (southeast Asia) • Conservative • Monastic focus • Mahayana—“big vehicle” • “Northern school” (east Asia) • Speculative • Greater focus on layperson • Vajrayana—“diamond vehicle” • Tibetan Buddhism • Highly ritualistic

  3. Ritual Elements of Buddhism • Mantra—short sacred chant • Mudra—hand gesture • Mandala—religious diagram • Vajra—short scepter or wand • Stupa—a circular, domelike shrine

  4. Key Concepts (continued next slide) • Samsara—everyday world of change and pain • Nirvana—release from samsara; state of bliss • Dukkha—suffering • Dharma—Buddhist teaching • Sangha—Buddhist community

  5. Key Concepts (continued) • Arhat—the perfect person in Theravada • Bodhisattva—a person or deity of compassion in Mahayana Buddhism • Dhyana—meditation • Tripitaka—“three baskets” of Buddhist scripture • Shunyata—“emptiness”—the interrelated nature of all reality • Tathata— “thusness, suchness”

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