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Acid - Base Reactions

Acid - Base Reactions. Acid - substance that releases H+ when add to H 2 O. HCl + H 2 O  H + + Cl - + H 2 O. Base - substance that releases OH- when added to H 2 O. NaOH + H 2 O  Na + + OH - + H 2 O. Acids. Bases. HCl - hydrochloric acid

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Acid - Base Reactions

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  1. Acid - Base Reactions

  2. Acid - substance that releases H+ when add to H2O HCl + H2O H+ + Cl- + H2O Base - substance that releases OH- when added to H2O NaOH + H2O Na+ + OH- + H2O

  3. Acids Bases HCl -hydrochloric acid H2SO4 - sulfuric acid H2CO3 - carbonic HC2H3O2 - acetic HNO3 - nitric NaOH - sodium hydroxide KOH - potassium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide

  4. pH scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 678 9 10 11 12 13 14 neutral measures whether a solution is acidic or basic STRONG weak weakSTRONG BASE ACID

  5. ACIDS - pH less than 7 BASES - pH greater than 7 Neutral - pH = 7 (distilled water)

  6. Other characteristic of acids 1. Sour taste 2. Reacts w/ carbonate (CO3) 3. Litmus paper turns red 4. React w/ most metals

  7. Other characteristic of bases 1. Bitter taste 2. Feels slippery 3. Litmus paper turns blue

  8. pH and living things • Most complex chem. rxn. in organisms- Only occur when pH is between 6.5 to 7.5 Transport of CO2 & O2 by red blood cells

  9. some organisms require habitat at specific pH Cranberries, carnivorous plants (venus-fly trap & pitcher plants) pH - 3.5 to 5.5

  10. Neutralization reaction a salt + H2O ACID + BASE  pH < 7 pH >7 pH=7 General formula:

  11. H+ (from acid) & OH- (from the base) combine to make water Need equal amount of each to get neutralization (pH=7)

  12. Buffers Substance able to resist pH change

  13. Blood, Buffers, & pH • pH of blood 7.35 - 7.45 • blood contains buffers to keep w/in this range If base added H2CO3 + OH- (base) HCO3- + H2O If acid added HCO3 + H+ (acid) H2CO3 + H2O

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