Digital Library Network at Developing Countries Case Study: The Indonesian Digital Library Network

1. Digital Library Network atDeveloping CountriesCase Study:The Indonesian Digital Library Network Ismail Fahmi < ismail@itb.ac.id > Knowledge Management Research Group ITB Presented at APAN Digital Library Tutorial Session, August 21 2001, Malaysia

2. Acknowledgement Funding: • IDRC, International Development Research Centre (Canada) • YLTI, Yayasan Litbang Telekomunikasi dan Informatika Support in-kind: • Perpustakaan Pusat ITB • AI3/ITB, Asian Internet Interconnection Initiatives • CNRG, Computer Network Research Group • KMRG, Knowledge Management Research Group

3. Agenda • About IndonesiaDLN • Philosophy • Mission • Common Problems • Basic Requirements • Strategies • Architecture of the Network • Standard Metadata • Metadata Exchange Protocol • Implementation Status • Future Direction

4. Definition • Digital Library vs Online Catalog • Digital Library = containing electronic resources (document, audio, video) • OnlineCatalog = only bibliographic database • Online catalog usually related to Library Automation

5. So, what is Digital Library? • Not a single entity; • Requires technology to link the resources; • Linkage between digital library systems are transparent to the end users; • The goal is universal access to the information services and digital libraries; • The collection is not only documents.

6. And, What is IndonesiaDLN? It is a -- NetworkofDigital Library Networks in Indonesia

7. Philosophy “Dan (ingatlah), ketika Allah mengambil janji dari orang-orang yang telah diberi kitab (yaitu):"Hendaklah kamu menerangkan isi kitab itu kepada manusia, dan jangan kamu menyembunyikannya," lalu mereka melemparkan janji itu ke belakang punggung mereka dan mereka menukarnya dengan harga yang sedikit. Amatlah buruk tukaran yang mereka terima.” -- Ali Imran 187

8. Philosophy • Our primordial commitment: “Will share our knowledge to others and never withhold it” -- Al Qur’an • “All knowledge all discoveries belong to everybody. ... All knowledge all discoveries belong to you by right. It is time to demand what belongs to you." -- William S. Burroughs, The Job

9. Mission Unlock ACCESS to the Indonesian knowledge Unlock !

10. Common Problems • Internet connection availability • Bandwidth • Human Resources • Awareness of the Leaders Inhabitants: 210 million

11. Basic Requirements • We need SOLUTION. Not state of the art of the technology, but a Regional Technology. • Running on narrow bandwidth and unreliable connections. • Common-sense User Interface. • Attract individual and institution (knowledge producers). • Easy to implement and join.

12. About Data Integration

13. Strategies (Technical) • Networked: through a national networked digital library • Distributed: every institutions can manage their own digital library system • Unified: all knowledge will be unified • Disseminated: all knowledge will be disseminated (mirroring), bring information near to the users. • Standardized: using international acknowledged metadata standard (Dublin Core) • Portal-like user interface: search and browse presentation

14. Strategies (Society) • Bottom-Up movement ! • Type of partnership: Institution, Individual, and Internet Café. • Promote sub-networks: I.e. health, agriculture, human rights, etc.

15. Knowledge Map • Information: abstract and full content of the LOCAL CONTENT. • Including: • Research report • Final Project, Theses, Dissertation • Article, paper, proceeding, journal • E-book, e-learning material, course material • clipping, Heritage, Multimedia, expertise directory, etc.

16. Knowledge Sources • University • Research institution • NGO • Government • Business • Playgroup, TK, SD, SMP, SMA • Pesantren, Mosque, Religion institution • Citizen organization, cooperation • Etc

17. Architecture of GDL Network • Key: • Standard Metadata • Protocol • There are a hub and many digital library servers. *GDL = Ganesha Digital Library

18. IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Std. • Objective: to manage electronic resources (documents, audio, video files) on the Internet among the digital library networks. • Dublin Core Metadata Element Sets • Has the same objective • Simple, multipurpose • Widely used • IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Std was derived from NDLTD Metadata Std (also based on Dublin Core).

19. Elements of the Metadata 15 Core elements: • Title • Creator • Publisher • Subject • Description • Date • Type • Format • Identifier • Source • Language • Relation • Coverage • Rights

20. Qualifiers of The Elements • Some elements have qualifiers. • IndonesiaDLN allows implementation of specific qualifiers within the digital library networks, • But when the networks will share into IndonesiaDLN, they must use the IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Std. (see http://idln.itb.ac.id).

21. Example for Agribusiness IndonesiaDLN HUB Use IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Standard Agribusiness Digital Library Network Use FAO Agriculture Metadata Standard for intra-network metadata exchange

22. Example of the Qualifiers Element: Title Qualifiers: • Alternative  dc.title.alternative • Series  dc.title.series Element: Creator Qualifiers: • Orgname  dc.creator.orgname • Email  dc.creator.email • …

23. Example of the XML format <?xml version=“1.0” ?> <IndonesiaDLN> <dc.title> Title goes here (native language) <alternative>Title in English is here </alternative> <series> series, number,… </series> </dc.title> <dc.creator> creator full name <orgname> organization of the creator </orgname> <email> creator’s email </email> </dc.creator> … … </IndonesiaDLN> Generated by servers during exchange process.

24. Example: Metadata in XML Metadata is formatted into XML before exchanged among the digital library servers. All digital library servers in IndonesiaDLN should use the IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Standard. Currently is version 1.1.

25. Key factor: Identifier • Every metadata will be recognized from its IDENTIFIER. • Identifier is unique within IndonesiaDLN. • It contains the following information: • Publisher ID • Digital Library Network ID • Type of the electronic resources • Year of creation • Creator • Record number, and • Content theme

26. Example of Identifier Publisher ID Digital Library Network ID Type of the electronic resources Year of creation Creator Record number, and Content theme jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc Benefit: Entering URL containing the identifier to any digital library servers will show the same metadata content. Example: http://digilib.xxx.xxx/go.php?id= jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc

27. File Naming • The IDENTIFIER also be used to assign name to files that are uploaded together with their metadata. • Example: • jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc-report-1.zip • jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc-report-2.pdf • jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc-software-3.zip

28. Metadata Exchange Protocol (Synchronization) • Using the services of: • HTTP (operational) • Real time transaction • Good for reliable connection • SMTP (in progress) • Not real time • Good for unreliable connection • Post office :-) • Burned into CD-ROM, takes days or weeks • Good for no internet connection at all

29. The Synchronization Services • Metadata are: • sent from LOCAL to HUB server and, • downloaded from HUB to LOCAL server, • through the synchronization services. • Optionally, the files also can be sent from LOCAL to HUB. • There are 3 groups of requests: Authentication, PUT, and GET.

30. Authentication • Server authentication before synchronization • Member roaming login

31. PUT • Send PUBLIC information to HUB server • Including: • Metadata and File • Member Registries

32. PUT The Files • Optionally (especially for temporary connection), the metadata related files can be PUT into HUB server. • Files will be sliced (by 10 KB, or customized) before they are sent. • Using HTTP PUT Method.

33. GET • Download: • Metadata • Publisher registries

34. Publisher Registry File: /util/publisher.ini <?xml version="1.0"?> <DC.PUBLISHER> GaneshaDL Central Hub <ID>GDLHUB</ID> <TYPE>INSTITUTION</TYPE> <APPS>GDL</APPS> <ORGNAME>Knowledge Management Research Group ITB</ORGNAME> <HOSTNAME>gdlhub.indonesiaDLN.org</HOSTNAME> <IPADDRESS>167.205.23.27</IPADDRESS> <PROTOCOL>HTTP</PROTOCOL> <ADMIN>donfau@kmrg.lib.itb.ac.id</ADMIN> <CKO>cko@kmrg.lib.itb.ac.id</CKO> <POSTMASTER>pm@digilib.itb.ac.id</POSTMASTER> <CONNECTION>DEDICATED</CONNECTION> </DC.PUBLISHER>

35. User Interface Most users are familiar with interface like Yahoo, Google, Altavista, etc. The information is organized by categories. Easy to Navigate and Search.

36. IndonesiaDLN HUB New Spektra HUB GDL-HUB personal In-CUVL institusi warnet IndonesiaDLN Topology GDL-Network

37. GDL-HUB GDL-Network personal Unsyiah institusi Salman Depkes warnet RSHS Binus UMM UAJ IPB ITB GDL-Network

38. GDL-HUB GDL-Network personal Unsyiah institusi Depkes Salman warnet Binus RSHS UMM UAJ IPB ITB Scenario of Sharing & Replication Replication Share Replication Replication

39. GDL-HUB personal Warnet institusi warnet ITB Scenario of Access Download Full resources GDL-Network Server GDL ITB (Source) Search &^%? Server GDL Warnet Result = url

40. GDL Sub HUB Institusi X GDL-HUB personal personal Dept A Dept B GDL Sub-HUB GDL-Network HUB GDL-Network GDL Server Dept Institution X GDL Sub HUB

41. Benefits of Promoting Sub-Hub • Encourage institutions with distributed offices to develop DL network. • Boost the number of IndonesiaDLN partners. • Managing subject-specific knowledge and information (ie. Agriculture, healthy, human rights, etc)

42. Implementation Status • GDL (Ganesha Digital Library) version 1 = End of 1999. • Idea of developing the IndonesiaDLN = October 2000. • Launching of IndonesiaDLN = June 2001 (it just 2 months ago).

43. The Technology • Operating system: • Unix/Linux • Windows 98/NT/2000 • Windows 95 – needs winsock32 • Web server: Apache • Scripting Lang: PHP 4 • Database Server: MySQL • Infrastructure: Dedicated or Dial-Up

44. Benefits • Easy to install (especially for Windows) • Able run on PC, Laptop  promote personal digital library, small institution, SME • Allow dial-up and behind-proxy installation (temporary connection)  good for small institution, personal, and internet café.

45. Problems & Limitations • Updating information at resource server will not automatically update the mirror sites.

46. The Networks • Currently only GDL-Network that has been fully operational. • Near future: Spektra Virtual Library • Future: DLN for Human Rights, Agribusiness, Distance Learning, Bibliographic, Health Research, and Heritage.

47. GDL- Network Distance Learning- Network Agribusiness Network GDL-Engine GDL-Engine GDL-Engine Human Rights- Network Heritage- Network Biblio- Network GDL-Engine GDL-Engine GDL-Engine The Network of Networks New Spektra IndonesiaDLN GDL-Engine

48. GDL-Network Partners By August 2001

49. The Distribution Map of GDL-Network Partners By August 2001

50. Members of GDL-Network • Member = users that have registered at GDL servers. • Currently the total members registered at GDL Hub is about 3028 users.