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BSAC Dive Leader Training

BSAC Dive Leader Training. Dive Planning. Planning. Aims Planning role of Dive Manager Why? - the dive objectives Who? - the divers involved Where? - the site and suitability When? - date and time What? - else is required. The Role of the Dive Manager. Experienced

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BSAC Dive Leader Training

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  1. BSAC Dive Leader Training Dive Planning

  2. Planning • Aims • Planning role of Dive Manager • Why? - the dive objectives • Who? - the divers involved • Where? - the site and suitability When? - date and time • What? - else is required

  3. The Role of the Dive Manager • Experienced • Dive Leader - known dive sites • Responsible role • Appointed by the Diving Officer • Able to delegate • Assistant Dive Manager • Other support roles • Rescue and surface support • Equipment • For the dive

  4. Dive Objectives & the Divers • Type of Dive? • Just diving • Training • Combination of both • How many divers? • Boat space available • Minimum diver grade level Grade and experience level? • Buddy pairings • Training • General diving • Special interests • Nitrox/Rebreathers

  5. The Dive Site – Known to the Branch • Site characteristics • Boat or shore dives • Variation in depth • General conditions underwater • Visibility • Areas of interest • Facilities • Access - parking • Cylinder charging facilities • Changing & toilet facilities • Refreshments • Accommodation How to get there?

  6. Site Information & Location • Sources of information • Charts - maps of the sea • Tide Tables • Weather information • If boat diving • GPS • Echo Sounder • Transits

  7. Gas Planning for depth • Emergency gas consumption Rates • Dives below 35m and deeper Deco dives • End of dive until first stop • Emergency/Stress under water Accelerated breathing Rates • Often > 25l/min Example:Consumption rates for an out of gas situation, buddy pair ascending using one aqualung system. • Breathing rates at onset of incident and during emergency – 50l/min stressed diver • 25l/min – buddy/rescuer

  8. Gas Planning for Depth • Ascent from 35 metres to first stop (Assume 10m/min) = 3 mins. • Additional time for sharing and settling down • = 1 min. • Absolute pressure = 4.5b • (Combined Breathing rates) • Gas requirement = (breathing rate) x (Abs. Pressure) x (time) • = 75 x 4.5 x 4 = 1350 litres • N.B. A fully charged 232b, 12l cylinder supports 2780 litres.

  9. Chart No. 45 Charts • Grid Reference System Parallels of Latitude Meridians of Longitude • Parallels of Latitude • Meridians of Longitude

  10. N N 50o N 50o 50o 50o S S 30o 30o Equator S 30o 30o 50o 50o Charts - Latitude • Equator to Pole angle = 90o 90o • Parallels of latitude • Equator divides earth into North & South

  11. 180o N 150o 150o 120o 120o 90o 90o 60o 60o 30o 30o 0o N N E W 60o 0o 30o 60o 30o S S 60o 0o 30o 60o 30o Charts - Longitude Looking down on equator plan from North Pole Greenwich Meridian

  12. N 50o 25o 0o W E 60o 30o 0o 30o 60o 25o 50o S Charts - Lat. & Long. • Important to give correct information for position • 50o / 30o ? • =50oN 30oW • Positions given in degrees o • 1o = 60 minutes ’ • .01’ = 1/100 of a minute • 50o00.00’N 30o00.00’W • 1’ on latitude scale on side of chart = 1 nautical mile • Use latitude scale adjacent to area of diving

  13. Charts – Electronic Position Fixing GPS (Global Positioning System) • Satellites calibrated to earth’s grid, latitude and longitude • GPS receiving unit downloads information in lat. and long. • Boat position known at all times Known dive site position can be entered into GPS unit • GPS calculates course to steer to site • Distance to go to site • Audible warning when on site • Echo sounder - pinpoints site

  14. Charts - for Planning • Chart 5011 - identifies all features on a chart • Coastline features • Depth contour lines • Seabed information • Hazards • Tidal flow information - currents

  15. S Charts - Features • Dry land - yellow • Prominent features • Areas that cover/uncover with the tide - green • Sea areas mainly white but shallow areas solid blue or edged in blue • Depth contour lines • Depth soundings • Type of seabed • Obstruction

  16. Charts – Land Features & Transits

  17. New Moon Full Moon HW LW Quarter Moons HW LW Depth and Tides Spring Tides • Greatest tidal range • Low LW • High HW Neap Tides • Least tidal range • Higher LW • Lower HW

  18. 0442 2.0 1043 4.4 1722 2.0 2326 4.2 29 SA Time m Time m 0545 1.8 1148 4.8 1824 1.7 16 SU 0007 0.5 0600 6.0 1236 0.4 1823 5.7 23 SU 0029 4.7 0701 1.7 1303 4.9 1905 1.5 0051 0.6 0644 5.9 1321 0.6 1906 5.5 24 MO 17 MO 0134 0.8 0727 5.7 1403 0.8 1948 5.3 0139 4.9 0810 1.4 1410 5.1 2039 1.2 25 TU 18 TU 0241 5.3 0912 1.1 1509 5.4 2136 0.9 0216 1.0 0809 5.4 1445 1.1 2032 5.0 19 W 26 W 0336 5.6 1008 0.8 1602 5.6 2230 0.7 0258 1.3 0853 5.0 1529 1.5 2118 4.7 20 TH 27 TH 0514 6.0 1149 0.4 1739 5.8 22 SA 0426 5.8 1100 0.5 1651 5.8 2319 0.6 0345 1.7 0942 4.7 1619 1.8 2214 4.4 21 F 28 TH 0514 6.0 1149 0.4 1739 5.8 0442 2.0 1043 4.4 1722 2.0 2326 4.2 22 SA 29 SA Tide Tables • Tides are predictable • Calculated for standard ports • Usually Universal Time (UT), add 1hr for British Summer Time (BST) • Gives High water (HW) & Low water (LW) times • Spring & Neap Tides • Spring tides - higher HW - lower LW • Neap tides - lower HW - higher LW

  19. 24m CD Depth - Chart Datum & Tides • Chart Datum • Depth marked • Lowest predictable level • Does not include the water above chart datum - tides 0800 LW 1.5 1405 HW 5.5 29.5m (CD+HW) 1405 HW 5.5m 5.5m 25.5m (CD+LW) 0800 LW 1.5m 1.5m

  20. A Slack Water Charts - Tidal Flow • Time of least water movement • Slack water • Tidal diamonds • Table on chart • Hours before and after HW • Direction of flow • Speed on Spring tides • Speed on Neap tides

  21. NT NM Charts - The Compass Rose • Outer Compass • Aligns to true North and lines of longitude • Use for tidal flow information • General direction information Inner Compass • Aligns to magnetic North • Calculated to Earth’s magnetic anomalies, gives ‘variation’ from true North • Used for navigation

  22. Weather Planning • Effects of wind • Generates waves and sea swell • Depends on its direction • Depends on its strength • Can affect underwater visibility • Rain and Fog • Reduces surface visibility • Temperature • Hot - hyperthermia • Cold - hypothermia

  23. Weather Forecasts • Beaufort Wind Scale • Over Force 4 - affects diving comfort and safety on unprotected sites • Shipping/Inshore forecasts • UK - BBC Radio 4 (200 kHz) • Local radio stations • TV • Web sites • Coastguard

  24. Summary Planning role of Dive Manager • Site Information • Charts • Tide tables • Weather information Boat diving and site location • Equipment and techniques

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