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Domain Monera (PROKARYOTIC): - Archaea - Bacteria

Domain Monera (PROKARYOTIC): - Archaea - Bacteria. Chapter 16 Notes. Bacteria are very small. This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria. Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei. Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it. Bacteria.

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Domain Monera (PROKARYOTIC): - Archaea - Bacteria

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  1. Domain Monera (PROKARYOTIC):- Archaea- Bacteria Chapter 16 Notes

  2. Bacteria are very small

  3. This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria

  4. Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei

  5. Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it Bacteria

  6. Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch

  7. Evolution/Classification • Bacteria are the most numerous and most ancient species on Earth • Evolution has yielded many species adapted to survive where no other organisms can. • Bacteria are grouped based on: • Structure, physiology (function), molecular Composition and reaction to specific types of staining procedures. • Eubacteria= typical germs/bacteria • Archaebacteria

  8. Archaebacteria

  9. Kingdom Archaebacteria –Type, Structure, Functions • Archaebacteria belongs to the domain Archaea • (use to be one domain-Monera) • Prokaryotes = unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. • Lack a peptidoglycan layer • Have different membrane lipids than Eubacteria • First discovered in extreme environments

  10. Three types of Archaebacteria: • Methanogens: Harvest energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas • Anaerobic, live in intestinal tracts • Extreme halophiles: Salt loving, live in Great Salt Lake, and Dead sea. • Thermophiles: Live in acid environments and high temps. • Hot Springs, volcanic vents

  11. Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the “smoke” for energy to make ATP.

  12. The red color of this snow is due to a blue-green bacteria

  13. Nutrition: • Same as Eubacteria! Reproduction and Growth: • Same as Eubacteria!

  14. Eubacteria

  15. Kingdom Eubacteria Types, Structure, Functions • Can have one of 3 basic shapes: • Bacilli – rod-shaped • Spirilla – spiral-shaped • Cocci – sphere-shaped • Staphylo– in grape-like clusters • Strepto – in chains SHOW ME

  16. BACTERIA PICS

  17. Bacillus bacteria are rod or oval shaped

  18. Coccus bacteria are sphere or circle shaped

  19. Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape

  20. Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes gonorrhea

  21. Staphylo-bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts

  22. Strepto- bacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats

  23. Gram Stain • Gram-positive retain stain and appear purple • Have thicker layer in cell wall. • Gram-negative do not retain stain and take second pink stain instead.

  24. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

  25. No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm

  26. Nutrition and Growth: • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic • Some are Photoautotrophs – Use sunlight for Energy • Some are Chemoautotrophs. • Many are Obligate Anaerobes. • Oxygen = Death • Ex. Clostridium tetani – Tetanus • Some are Faculatative Anaerobes • With or without Oxygen • Ex. Escherichia Coli • Some are Obligate Aerobes • Ex.Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Temperature requirements • Some are Thermophilic, Some prefer acidic envmt.

  27. These heterotrophic bacteria digest oil -- remember oil is partially decayed plant and animal cells

  28. Reproduction and Growth: • DNA is circle or loop shape • Asexual reproduction • Reproduce through BINARY FISSION. • Binary Fission is like mitosis but produce a COMPLETELY new organism! (Not just a new part of an organism) • Can reproduce and grow very quickly – thousands of new bacteria within minutes!

  29. BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION 1) First the DNA is copied

  30. NEXT THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL DIVIDES • Then the two resulting cells are split. • 3) Offspring are identical

  31. In addition to the large chromosomal DNA, bacteria have many small loops of DNA called Plasmids.

  32. Genetic Recombination • Nonreproductive methods bacteria can acquire new genetic material.

  33. TRANSFORMATION This plasmid of DNA is new to the bacteria – added by transformation! Produces the glowing protein

  34. CONJUGATION

  35. TRANSDUCTION

  36. Some bacteria cause diseases and are called PATHOGENIC.

  37. Bacteria and Disease

  38. Helicobacterpylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers

  39. Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers.

  40. BOTOX – uses bacteria that causes botulism (spoiled canned food)

  41. CHOLERA

  42. DENTAL CARIES

  43. ROCKY MOUNTAIN SF

  44. LYME DISEASE

  45. SALMONELLA

  46. STREP THROAT

  47. TUBERCULOSIS

  48. Common Antibiotics

  49. Antibiotic use: • Through antibiotics, many bacteria can be killed. Therefore many of the diseases are treatable. • However, many antibiotics have been overused, causing bacterial diseases to become more difficult to treat. = Antibiotic resistance

  50. Useful and Helpful Bacteria: Examples: • Producing and Processing dairy foods like cheeses, yogurts, etc. • Breaking down dead organic material in decomposition. • Intestinal bacteria help produce necessary nutrients, break down food, and aid in immunity.

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