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I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica III. Classical Mayan Civilization

I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica III. Classical Mayan Civilization IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica V. The Amerindians of North America. I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture Origins from 20,000 years ago

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I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica III. Classical Mayan Civilization

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  1. I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica III. Classical Mayan Civilization IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica V. The Amerindians of North America Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture • Origins • from 20,000 years ago • Clovis points, c. 11,200 B.C.E. • Chile by 10,500 B.C.E. • Caral, Peru • first city, c. 2600 B.C.E. • Maize • Tehuacán valley of Mexico c. 5000 B.C.E. • Mississippi Valley to Argentine pampas, • by 1000 B.C.E.

  3. II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica • A. Formative Period (1500–150 C.E.) • Olmeccivilization • c. 1200 B.C.E., Vera Cruz • pyramids • B. The Classical Period (150–900 C.E.) • Achievements: • written communication • complex time reckoning • interregional trade • Teotihuacán • 125–200,000 • Monte Alban

  4. III. Classical Mayan Civilization • A. Origins • B. Centers • Kaminaljuyu • Tikal, by 550 C.E. • C. Achievements • calendar • writing system • pictographs, glyphs

  5. IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica A. The Toltecs • Capital: Tollan • Quetzalcoatl - Teotihuacan god • Tezcatlipoca - Toltec war-god • Yucatán • Chichén Itzá • Mayapán • B. The Aztecs • into central Mexico by 1200 • Tenochtitlán (Mexico City) • Lake Texcoco, c. 1325 • tributary of Atzcapotzalco • Alliance with Tecoco, Tlacopán against Atzcapotzalco • Itzcoatl (1427–1440) • Montezuma I (1440–1468) • Montezuma II (1502–1520) • Spanish invasion

  6. IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica • (B. The Aztecs) • Social organization • Calpulli (clans) • Pipiltin (nobles) • Pochteca (merchants) • Religion • Huitzilopochtli (sun/war god) • Tlateloco (god of rain) • Pyramids to both Agriculture • dams, canals • chinampas (floating gardens)

  7. Infrastructure • canal system • roads • Command economy • Society • nobles • nobles of conquered peoples • common workers • slaves • Emperor • ministers – Imperial Council Religion • vast clergy Sun-god • IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica C. The Inca • 200 ethnolinguistic groups • c. 600, cities emerge Kingdoms at Huari, Tiahuanaco collapse, tenth century • Kingdom of Chimu • c. 1200, Cuzco valley settled • Viracocha (d. 1438) • conquest • Pachacuti (1438-1471) Quechua, official language • Topa Upanqui (1471-1493) conquest of Chimu

  8. V. The Amerindians of North America • A. The Iroquois of the Northeast Woodlands settled agriculture • B. The Adena and Hopewell Cultures, Ohio Valley • from 800 B.C.E. • Sunflowers, squash, maize • Mounds • C. The Mississippian Culture • Cahokia, Illinois • wattle-and-daub houses • 900–1150 • Decline, c. 1400

  9. V. The Amerindians of North America • A. The Iroquois of the Northeast Woodlands settled agriculture • B. The Adena and Hopewell Cultures, Ohio Valley • from 800 B.C.E. • Sunflowers, squash, maize • Mounds

  10. V. The Amerindians of North America • C. The Mississippian Culture • Cahokia, Illinois • wattle-and-daub houses • 900–1150 • Decline, c. 1400

  11. V. The Amerindians of North America • D. The Southwest: Mogollon, Hohokam, and Anasazi • Commonalities maize, beans, squash • adobe, masonry • pottery • Mogollon , 300 B.C.E.–1340 C.E. • Hohokam • canals • Anasazi, 300–1300 • Cotton cloth

  12. V. The Amerindians of North America • E. The Navajo, the Apache, the Mandan • Navajo • Apache • Mandan • F. The Far North: Inuit and Aleut • Aleuts • kayaks • Inuits (Eskimos)

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