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The Impact of Railway Development from 1840. How railways changed Britain and the world. Roads and Canals.
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The Impact of Railway Development from 1840 How railways changed Britain and the world
Roads and Canals Roads, especially turnpike trust ones, were more expensive than railways to use. As a result, many trusts went bankrupt because far fewer people and businesses used them. Canals also lost trade, because railways went to far more places and could carry far more heavy and bulky goods (eg_______,________) Coaching inns who had depended on road-users also lost money, as did horse-breeders, because fewer horses were needed to pull carts and stagecoaches.
Heavy Industry Industries such as ____ , steel and ____ -_____ boomed because trains ran on coal and the locomotives, wagons and carriages were made of iron and steel (made in _____) Industries and businesses were able to get ______ _____ in from ports and transported to factories quickly, cheaply and in ____ quantities. Railways could then transport the finished products quickly and cheaply to ports to be sold abroad or all around the nation. Most businesses flourished because of the railways.
News and Newspapers Before the railways people tended to read only _____ newspapers, which contained very little news/information from London or abroad, so most people knew very little about current events. Stagecoaches and individuals carried letters and parcels, but they were unreliable. Railways allowed the development of the “Penny Post”, a reliable postal service, and newspapers printed in London, ________ and ______ could be read in most parts of Britain while news was fresh. The telegraph was also developed which allowed almost instant communication. M.P.s could travel between constituencies and __________ much more frequently.
Fish Before railways, only people who lived near the _____ or ________, such as the Tweed, were able to access, afford and eat much fish. Because trains were able to transport large amounts of fresh fish quickly and cheaply to the ________ and _____, far more people could benefit from adding cheap, wholesome, healthy fish to their diets. Also, fishermen and fish merchants saw their profits increase greatly.
Towns and Cities Many towns and cities grew bigger because of the railways, as they allowed lots of businesses, industries and people to come together to sell or exchange goods. Better-off people were also able to move out of the city centres to better housing in the _____, where housing was less crowded, and ______ to work. However, the areas around stations became very crowded and attracted criminals who targeted the travellers in various ways. Towns which _____ get a station or rail link often lost businesses and population, and so became _________.
Jobs The railway industry was a brand-new industry which created hundreds and thousands of jobs, eg_____, ________ and ______.Also important was that there were lots of different types of jobs, so that even people with few or no skills could get a job of some sort. Related industries, such as coal-mining and ironworks also took on many more workers to meet the demand of the new railway industry.
Farm Produce Farmers could get produce such as ______ and ______ to markets all over the country much more quickly and cheaply. Goods would be less _____, because a train ride was much ______ than a cart or wagon. Goods would also be much fresher and prices ____ because transport costs were lower. As a result people could access and afford to buy ___ fresh fruit and vegetables, even meat. As people’s diets improved, so did their health and life expectancy.
Seaside Resorts The railways allowed town and city workers to escape the urban crowds and pollution. Many used the new “bank holidays” to have a cheap day out or weekend away at seaside towns such as _____ and _____. Hotels, B&Bs, cafes and amusements did lots of business and seaside resorts grew rapidly. The middle classes also visited, with some families spending whole summers there, and some resorts, such as ____, even became popular with the rich and royalty.
Time Before the railways, people lived by local time ie when the sun rose and set in their own area. This meant that time varied over the country, making railway timetables very confusing and difficult to create. It was decided to set up “Railway Time” ie the same time as it was in London (later Greenwich Mean Time) was made the standardised time for the whole country.
Sport Until railways came, only local teams played each other regularly in games such as _________, cricket and rugby, so teams didn’t get a variety of opposition and supporters followed only local clubs. With the development of trains, national leagues developed because teams and their ____ were able to go all over the country quickly and cheaply in a day to play teams they would never normally play. Following non-local teams became possible, and sports teams grew in money and importance.
