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BioGeomancer: Semi-automated Georeferencing Engine John Wieczorek, Aaron Steele, Dave Neufeld, P. Bryan Heidorn,

BioGeomancer: Semi-automated Georeferencing Engine John Wieczorek, Aaron Steele, Dave Neufeld, P. Bryan Heidorn, Robert Guralnick, Reed Beaman, Chris Frazier, Paul Flemons, Nelson Rios, Greg Hill, Youjun Guo. Spatially Challenged Occurrence Data. LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N

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BioGeomancer: Semi-automated Georeferencing Engine John Wieczorek, Aaron Steele, Dave Neufeld, P. Bryan Heidorn,

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  1. BioGeomancer: • Semi-automated • Georeferencing Engine • John Wieczorek, Aaron Steele, Dave Neufeld, P. Bryan Heidorn, • Robert Guralnick, Reed Beaman, Chris Frazier, • Paul Flemons, Nelson Rios, Greg Hill, Youjun Guo

  2. Spatially ChallengedOccurrence Data • LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N • Baird Mtns.; Salmon R. headwaters • CALIENTE MOUNTAIN • 10 MI SW CANAS, RIO HIGUERON • near Sedan • 4.4 MI N, 6.2 MI W SEMINOLE

  3. Spatially EnabledOccurrence Data

  4. Input - Verbatim Locality Strings • LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N • Baird Mtns.; Salmon R. headwaters • CALIENTE MOUNTAIN • 10 MI SW CANAS, RIO HIGUERON • near Sedan • 4.4 MI N, 6.2 MI W SEMINOLE

  5. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description as accurate • Treat locality description as complete

  6. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description as accurate • Treat locality description as complete We need these to start processing.

  7. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description as accurate • Treat locality description as complete We need these to start processing. These are assumptions we should not hold to be true.

  8. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description is accurate • Treat locality description as complete • Apply rules for locality string interpretation

  9. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description is accurate • Treat locality description as complete • Apply rules for locality string interpretation There is more than one way to accomplish string interpretation.

  10. Locality Interpretation Methods • Regular expression analysis • GeoLocate - Tulane • Enhanced BioGeomancer Classic – Yale • Machine Learning/Natural Language Processing • U. Illinois, Urbana-Champagne • Inxight Software, Inc.

  11. Locality Types • F – feature • P – path • FO – offset from a feature, sans heading • FOH – offset from feature at a heading • FO+ – orthogonal offsets from a feature • FPOH – offset at a heading from a feature along a path • 31 other locality types known so far

  12. Five Most Common Locality Types* • 51.0% - feature • 21.4% - locality not recorded • 17.6% - offset from feature at a heading • 8.6% - path • 5.8% - undefined *based on 500 records randomly selected from the 296k records georeferenced manually in the MaNIS Project.

  13. Clause Subset of a locality description to which a locality type can be applied.

  14. Step 1: Define Clause Boundaries • LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N • Baird Mtns.; Salmon R. headwaters • CALIENTE MOUNTAIN • 10 MI SW CANAS, RIO HIGUERON • near Sedan • 4.4 MI N, 6.2 MI W SEMINOLE

  15. Step 1: Define Clause Boundaries • <LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N>

  16. Step 1: Define Clause Boundaries • <LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N> • <Baird Mtns.; >

  17. Step 1: Define Clause Boundaries • <LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N> • <Baird Mtns.; ><Salmon R. headwaters>

  18. Step 1: Define Clause Boundaries • <LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N> • <Baird Mtns.; ><Salmon R. headwaters> • <CALIENTE MOUNTAIN> • <10 MI SW CANAS, ><RIO HIGUERON> • <near Sedan> • <4.4 MI N, 6.2 MI W SEMINOLE>

  19. Step 2: Determine Locality Types • <FOH>LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N</FOH>

  20. Step 2: Determine Locality Types • <FOH>LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N</FOH> • <F>Baird Mtns.; </F>

  21. Step 2: Determine Locality Types • <FOH>LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N</FOH> • <F>Baird Mtns.; </F><PS>Salmon R. headwaters</PS>

  22. Step 2: Determine Locality Types • <FOH>LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N</FOH> • <F>Baird Mtns.; </F><PS>Salmon R. headwaters</PS> • <F>CALIENTE MOUNTAIN</F> • <FOH>10 MI SW CANAS, </FOH><P>RIO HIGUERON</P> • <NF>near Sedan</NF> • <FO+>4.4 MI N, 6.2 MI W SEMINOLE</FO+>

  23. Step 3: Interpret Clauses • <FOH>LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N</FOH> Feature: LA PEÑITA Offset: 5.5 Offset Units: KM Heading: N

  24. Step 4: Find Feature Descriptions • <FOH>LA PEÑITA; 5.5. KM N</FOH> Feature: LA PEÑITA Offset: 5.5 Offset Units: KM Heading: N

  25. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description is accurate • Treat locality description as complete • Apply rules for locality string interpretation • Treat spatial data references as accurate

  26. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description is accurate • Treat locality description as complete • Apply rules for locality string interpretation • Treat spatial data references as accurate This is another assumption we should not hold to be true.

  27. “Davis, Yolo County, California”

  28. “Davis, Yolo County, California”

  29. “Davis, Yolo County, California”

  30. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description is accurate • Treat locality description as complete • Apply rules for locality string interpretation • Treat spatial data references as accurate • Apply rules for spatial description building

  31. Step 5: Construct Spatial Description for Each Clause

  32. Step 5: Construct Spatial Description for Each Clause West of B

  33. Step 6: Construct Final Spatial Interpretation • 10 MI SW CANAS, RIO HIGUERON Clause 1: <FOH>10 MI SW CANAS, </FOH> Clause 2: <P>RIO HIGUERON</P>

  34. Step 6: Construct Final Spatial Interpretation • 10 MI SW CANAS, RIO HIGUERON Clause 1: <FOH>10 MI SW CANAS, </FOH> Clause 2: <P>RIO HIGUERON</P> We hold these clauses to be simultaneously true.

  35. Step 6: Construct Final Spatial Interpretation • 10 MI SW CANAS, RIO HIGUERON Clause 1: <FOH>10 MI SW CANAS, </FOH> Clause 2: <P>RIO HIGUERON</P> We hold these clauses to be simultaneously true. The final spatial description is the intersection of the spatial descriptions of all clauses.

  36. Legacy Locality Data Issues • Treat locality description is accurate • Treat locality description as complete • Apply rules for locality string interpretation • Treat spatial data references as accurate • Apply rules for spatial description building • Apply criteria to reject unwanted hypotheses

  37. Additional Input - Preferences • Assume terrestrial locations • Assume aquatic locations • marine only • freshwater only • Assume direct offsets • Assume offsets by road, if possible

  38. Output • Original data • Zero, one, or more spatial interpretations - spatial footprint - point-radius description • Process metadata • preferences (e.g., GeoLocate method, assume by road) • omissions (e.g., unused information) • confidence values

  39. Conclusion Georeferences are hypotheses Hypotheses require testing Tested hypotheses should be so noted

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