1 / 24

Infection Control

Infection Control. Microorganisms Colonization Chain of Infection Breaking the Chain of Infection Common Hospital Infections. Microorganisms. Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites. Microorganisms. Cannot be visualized Contain RNA or DNA, genetic material only

castroe
Download Presentation

Infection Control

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Infection Control Microorganisms Colonization Chain of Infection Breaking the Chain of Infection Common Hospital Infections

  2. Microorganisms • Virus • Bacteria • Fungi • Parasites

  3. Microorganisms • Cannot be visualized • Contain RNA or DNA, genetic material only • Cannot reproduce without host, need compromised host • Common cold, influenza, mumps, measles, Hep A, B,C,varicella-zoster, AIDs, HPV • Virus

  4. Microorganisms • Bacteria • Minute one celled , but no typical nucleus • Classified by shape-cocci, bacilli, spirilla • Also by “bunches”-diplo (groups of 2), strepto) chains, staphpylo (clusters of grapes) • GRAM negative= take stain well, thin walled….easier to clean…..tuberclerosis is gram positive TB, strep throat, staphpylococcus (wounds), salmonella, Lyme disease, syphilis

  5. Microorganisms • Can be one celled (yeasts) or many cells (molds) • Reproduce by spores, need moisture and dark • Difficult to treat • Thrush, black hairy tongue, vulvovaginitis, ringworm (tinea) athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) • Fungi

  6. Microorganisms • Parasites Complex one celled microbe Able to move or migrate: Two types= protozoa (typically have pseudopod, flagella, cilia and helminths (worms) Common parasites: giardiasis( beaver fever), Trichomonas Vaginalis, malaria, pinworm, trichinosis

  7. Types of Colonization • Beneficial Microorganisms • Intestinal flora • Commonly found in intestinal tract, aides in digestion of food • Antibiotics • Made from fungi, bacteria • Fermentation • Wine, cheeses

  8. Types of Colonization • Pathogenic Microorganisms • Disease causing- can be singularly disease causing or could be beneficial flora but in different environment where it causes disease. (i.e. E.coli) • Nosocomial-also known as a hospital-acquired infection, develops in patients after a hospital stay, may be bacterial or fungal, and often resistant to antibiotics. Recent studies have shown that nosocomial infections may be linked to healthcare personnel unwittingly spreading infection to susceptible patients • Iatrogenic-Referring to a physical or mental condition caused by a physician or healthcare provider due to exposure to pathogens, toxins or injurious treatment or procedures.

  9. infection spread

  10. Chain of Infection • Infectious agent (host) • Reservoir or environment • Portal to exit reservoir • Means of transmission • Portal of entry into new host

  11. Breaking the Chain of Infection • Actions: • Method of dress • Hair, jewelry, nail care, clothing • Hand washing • Hand gel • Standard hand washing • Correct Disposal Soiled Items • Sharps container • laundry

  12. Breaking the Chain of Infection • Actions: • Hand washing • Single most important means of preventing the spread of infection. • 7 to 8 minutes of washing to remove all the microbes present, depending on the number present. Per JCAHO =at least 20 seconds • Most effective portion of hand washing is the mechanical action of rubbing the hands together.

  13. Ignaz Semmelweis, 1815-1865 • 1840’s: General Hospital of Vienna • Divided into two clinics, alternating admissions every 24 hours: • First Clinic: Doctors and medical students • Second Clinic: Midwives

  14. The Intervention:Hand scrub with chlorinated lime solution Hand hygiene basin at the Lying-In Women’s Hospital in Vienna, 1847.

  15. Handwashing

  16. When do you wash your hands? • When hands are visibly soiled • Before and after patient contact • After removal of gloves • After using the toilet • After blowing or wiping the nose • Upon leaving an isolation area

  17. Self-Reported Factors for Poor Adherence with Hand Hygiene • Handwashing agents cause irritation and dryness • Sinks are inconveniently located/lack of sinks • Lack of soap and paper towels • Too busy/insufficient time • Understaffing/overcrowding • Patient needs take priority • Low risk of acquiring infection from patients Adapted from Pittet D, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:381-386.

  18. Breaking the Chain of Infection • Precautions: • Standard Precautions- Assumes every patient is already infected, incorporates universal precautions and body substance precautions • PPE- personal protective equipment includes gloves, gown, mask, goggles whenever a technologist might come into contact with any body fluids

  19. Breaking the Chain of Infection

  20. Breaking the Chain of Infection • Precautions: • Disinfection of equipment

  21. Super Bug Hospital Infections • MRSA= methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, usually immuncompromised patient, hospital acquired • C-diff= Clostridium difficile, lives on surfaces a long time, contact precautions needed, result of antibiotic exposure, cases are rising, can’t kill with hand gel, need bleach • VRE= Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, can be normal flora but when migrates is deadly, Vancomycin used to be used to treat MRSA and C-diff • CRE= carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, relatively new, CRE is resistant to antibiotics, and patients who acquire it are at risk of death, usually within 30 days. Death rates from this newer superbug have been reported to be between 30% and 44%.

  22. INFECTION CONTROL video

  23. Click to add title • Click to add subtitle

  24. Click to add title

More Related