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Ancient Art . Prehistoric ______________ ______________ Aegean. Prehistoric Art 100,000 – 10,000 BCE Paleolithic Period . 100,000 BCE – ________________________________ 28,000 – 23,000 BCE – _______________ 15,000 – 10,000 – ________________________________. Woman of Willendorf.
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Ancient Art • Prehistoric • ______________ • ______________ • Aegean
Prehistoric Art100,000 – 10,000 BCE Paleolithic Period • 100,000 BCE – ________________________________ • 28,000 – 23,000 BCE – _______________ • 15,000 – 10,000 – ________________________________
Her great age and pronounced female forms quickly established the Woman of Willendorf_____________________________________.
Cave Paintings of Lascaux The interior of the underground caverns evokes a sense of ritual and “sacred space”
Artists drew directly on wall with red, yellow, brown, and black minerals. Paintings suggest they may have served some ritual purpose. The practice of recreating animals through representation ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Creative Human Expression • Keen ___________________ • ________________________ • _____________Interpretation
Ancient Mesopotamian Art Unlike their southern neighbors, the Mesopotamian area was in conflict between warring nations very frequently. This area also required much more maintenance of _____________________________________. Because of these and other factors, this area had a ______________________of art as compared to Egypt. Standard of Ur, c. 2700 B.C.
The Standard of Ur is one of the most exquisite and informative Sumerian pieces of art that has been discovered. It was found in a 4,500-year-old grave in the city of Ur. The Standard consists of six 18-inch-wide wooden panels inlaid with shells and lapis lazuli. The panels include scenes of Sumerians from all social classes at war and at a royal banquet. • The Standard of Ur illustrates a conceptual rather than a naturalistic approach to description.
Important Sumerian Developments 1. The concept of _____________________was developed by the Sumerians 2. __________________was developed by the Sumerians - _________________________characters on clay tablets 3. One of the most important cultural developments of this period is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Theocracy govt. of the gods/priest class - ruler may be divine himself, or chosen by the god/gods - each city had it's own gods This system centralizes power in the hands of a small group of people and gives political decisions a religious authority
Scenes of Civilized Life • Harpist: Iraq,Old Babylonian Period, ca. 2000-1600 B.C. • Cast Clay Relief • Clay plaques from this period depict musicians playing a variety of stringed, percussion, and wind instruments.
Scenes of Religious Figures and Commemorations of War • Iraq Akkadian Period, ca. 2254-2193 B.C. Black stone • This cylinder seal was dedicated to a little-known goddess, Ninishkun, who is shown interceding on the owner's behalf with the great goddess Ishtar. Ishtar places her right foot upon a roaring lion, which she restrains with a leash. The scimitar in her left hand and the weapons sprouting from her winged shoulders indicate her war-like nature.
_____________c. 2100 BCE • The Ziggurat of Ur was built by the king ______________________ It is an impressive imposing structure. Imagine the power of a leader speaking from high on the side of this symbolic mountain of the god. (The Code of Hammurabi )
Iconic vs. Natural Imagery An _______________is an image that is readily recognized and generally represents _________________________________________________________________vsNatural imagery means a congruous set of images depicting the world of nature. Iraq: Babylon, Processional Avenue north of the Ishtar Gate Neo-Babylonian Period Reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, ca. 604-562 B.C. Molded brick with polychrome glaze.
Ancient Egyptian Art • Ancient Egypt is perhaps the most fascinating of the ancient civilizations. Even the Ancient Greeks thought themselves to be a young and inexperienced society compared to the Egyptians. Indeed, the Ancient Egyptian civilization was __________________________________ • ____________________________________and lasting until nearly 300 B.C. What is amazing about the Egyptian's culture is not their rapid growth and development, but ____ • _______________________________________________For example, today in the United States we drastically change the style of our clothing each decade, while Egyptian dress did not vary over the thousands of years. Theirs was a civilization where the past lived in the present.
Rules of Representation • _________________ • In Sculpture, the entire presentation is to be viewed ______________________ • In 2-dimensional work, the head of the character is ____________________________, while the body is seen from the _____________. Although the face _____________________, the eye is drawn ______________. The legs are _______________________________, with one foot placed in front of the other. The head _______________ • ______________________. Every figure, in paintings or sculptures, stands or sits with a _____________________. The stance of the body is severe, but the faces are calm and serene.
Nobleman, Old Kingdom (frontal style)
MEMPHITE FAMILY OF NEFER-HERENPTAH Old Kingdom 5th Dynasty Painted Limestone • Eternalizes the Ancient Egyptian family in it's most simple and pure form. • This nuclear family is meant to reunite in the afterlife.
Monumental Scale Great Pyramids at Giza. Old Kingdom. c. 2601-2515 BCE. Original height of pyramid of Khufu 480', length of each side at base 755'.
KAEMHESET • Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty • Painted Limestone • the statue of the chief of sculptors and royal architect Kaemheset represents perfectly the " comme il faut " (according with custom or propriety) aesthetic and artistic conventions of the Fifth Dynasty
Middle Kingdom 1990 – 1790 BCE • Political divisions • Increasing anxiety • Uncertainty • Sense of Civil Unrest • Loosening of Rules of Representation • Naturalistic tendencies Seated Statue of Sesostris III
The New Kingdom 1570 -1185 BCE Akhenaton 1364 – 1387 • 1364 – 1387 Reigh of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton); religious and political reform; monotheism, worship of single god – Aton; • Revolutionary figure
Akhenaten with Nefertiti and their Children. New Kingdom. c. 1348-1336/5 BCE. 13 x 15"
Tutankhamen • Reign of Tutankhamen – 1361 – 1352 BCE • Return to Conservatism • “The Boy King” • Return of Egyptian Conservatism and Strict Rules of Representation
Ramses II 1298 – 1232 BCE • Colossal Building • Warfare with Mesopotamia • End of Egypt’s Imperial Power • The Last Great Pharaoh
Aegean Art: _______________________________ Two distinct cultures flourished—the ____________was an important motif in both cultures, however______________ __________________________________reflect differences Minoan civilization flourished on island of ___________2000-1450 BCE; based on _______________________; natural catastrophe may have caused abrupt end As Minoan culture began to decline, _________________rose to supremacy; this bronze Age culture, which flourished about 1400-1100 BCE, was named for walled city _________________________; their art offers a more ___________________mode of representation Mycenaen culture ended when Dorians entered peninsula from north about 1100 BCE
Palace of Minos at Knossos • Interior Frescos • Human scale • Life-oriented culture • 1600 – 1400 BCE • Middle Minoan Period • High point of Minoan Culture
SNAKE GODDESS • From beneath the shrine in the court Palace of King Minos, Knossos • 1600-1580 BCE • Mothyer Goddess • Source of all life • 2 snakes =- mysteries of Life • Lion atop her head
DOLPHIN FRIEZE QUEEN'S APARTMENT Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1500 BCE
BULL-JUMPING FRESCOFrom the east wing Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1500 BCE
Mycenaen Lion Gate. c. 1300-1200 BCE.Height of carved slab 9' 6"
