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Ancient Rome

Explore the transition of Ancient Rome from a Republic to an Empire, witnessing the rise of powerful families, civil wars, the reign of Julius Caesar, and the establishment of the Pax Romana.

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Ancient Rome

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  1. Ancient Rome Section 2 From Republic to Empire

  2. Background • In the early days of the roman Republic, farmers fulfilled their duty to Rome by serving in the army • As Rome grew, the aristocracy became more powerful • As Rome became a more powerful force in the Mediterranean, problems arose in Rome itself

  3. Growing Unrest • Senate and political offices controlled by small circle of wealthy and powerful families • Wealthy landowners bought out small farmers • Eventually these farmers drifted to the cities and formed a large class of landless poor • Large gap between rich and poor created tension

  4. Two Brothers • Two brothers named Tiberius and Gaius tried to pass land reform bills These bills included: • Limits to the size of big estates • Gave land to the poor Brothers were murdered by the members of the Senate who were part of the wealthy landowners

  5. Civil War • 82-31 BC • Ambitious men competed for power and money

  6. 1st Triumvirate • Three men emerged as victors in the civil wars • Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey • Formed a triumvirate – a government by three people of equal power • Crassus dies, and Caesar defeats Pompey for power • Caesar eventually becomes the single ruler

  7. Julius Caesar • Became dictator in 45 BC • Gave land to the poor • Created jobs • Increased senate to 900 members • Granted citizenship to his supports • Introduced the solar calendar • Murdered in 44 BC because he was getting too powerful

  8. 2nd Triumvirate • Octavian (Caesar’s nephew) Anthony(Caesar’s right hand man) Lepidus (Caesar’s army commander) • After a few years only Octavian remained • Octavian became supreme ruler and became known as Augustus

  9. Age of Augustus • Became the first Roman emperor • Kept a large army • Agricultural and trade economy • Stabilized frontiers of the Roman empire • Conquered many new lands • Built public buildings • Set up a civil service • Died in AD 14 • Divided Rome into east and west

  10. Pax Romana • Early Rome under Augustus started the Pax Romana meaning “Roman Peace” • A 200 year time of peace and prosperity • Emperors during this time created new social reforms • State funded programs to help educate the poor • Building of aqueducts, bridges, roads, and harbors

  11. Expansion of the Empire • Roman empire coverd 3 ½ million square miles in its height • 50 million population • Citizenship granted to every free person • Spread of Roman culture

  12. Economy and Society • Still great gap between rich and poor • Wealthy had lives of leisure and lived in luxury villas on large estates • Poor worked in shops and markets, depended on the emperor’s handouts of grain to survive

  13. Activity #3 • Get a book • Get a white piece of paper from Mrs. Murray • Turn to page 158 • You will draw and label map titled Roman Empire: Trade and Expansion • Must include: • Roman Empire (colored in) • Trade routes • 6 of the 13 goods traded (your choice) with symbols for each of the 6 • A key telling me what is what

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