Enterprise Applications

1. Enterprise Applications • Product Family • Contracts, Corporate Performance Management, Customer Relationship Management, Financials, Human Resources, Interaction Center, Intelligence, Maintenance Management, manufacturing, Marketing, Order Management, Procurement, Product Lifecycle Management, projects, Sales, Service, Supply Chain Planning, Supply Chain Management Oracle Ebusiness Suiteonline document available

2. Infrastructure Software

3. A Brief look at Oracle’s Database History • Oracle 7 • Oracle Parallel Server • Oracle 8i • Transition to Real Application Clusters begins • Oracle 9i • Integrated Data Warehousing • Real Application Clusters • Oracle 10g • New grid capable features

4. Federated Database • A logical unification of distinct databases • Independent servers • No shared resources (including disk) • Connected by LAN

5. Shared Disk Architecture • Equal access to all disks • No notion of data ownership on any node • Managed by Oracle’s Real Application Clusters (RAC)

6. Shared Disk Architecture: Scalable • Nodes can be dynamically added and removed from the grid • Adding and removing nodes does not require data to be redistributed • Multi-version read consistency model • Based upon Real Application Clusters

7. Multi-Version Read Consistency • Writers never block readers and readers never block writers • Data is tracked by a System Change Number (SCN) • Always provides consistent and accurate results • Non-escalating row-level locking • Locks are contained at the row level

8. Example: System Change Number

9. Shared Disk Architecture: Availability • The loss of a cluster node does not cause a loss of data • The loss of a cluster node does not cause another node to “take over” data • Processes can be redistributed to other nodes

10. Traditional Shared-Disk Clustered Databases • Maintaining data coherency is a hard problem • Need to synchronize updates to shared data • The disk is the only medium for data sharing • Disk I/O latencies appear in the critical path when multiple nodes access shared data • Disk-based coherency is the main bottleneck to achieving a scalable shared disk cluster • Only synthetic fully partitioned workloads scale!

11. Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) • An application transparent clustered database • single node applications run and scale with no changes • Cluster interconnect fabric replaces the disk as the medium for inter-node data sharing • Cache Fusion protocol for data sharing results in a scalable cluster for OLTP and DSS workloads

12. Oracle RACArchitecture Users Application Servers/ Network Centralized Management Console Low Latency Interconnect No Single Point Of Failure High Speed Switch or Interconnect ClusteredDatabase Instances Shared Cache Hub or Switch Fabric Storage Area Network Drive and Exploit Industry Advances in Clustering Mirrored Disk Subsystem

13. What is Cache Fusion? • The underlying technology that enables RAC • Protocol that allows instances to combine their data caches into a shared global cache • Global Cache Service (GCS) coordinates sharing • Key features are • Direct sharing of volatile buffer caches • Efficient inter-node messaging framework • Fast recovery from node failures using cache and CPU resources from all surviving nodes

14. Data Sharing Problem • Read Sharing for Queries • query needs to read a data block that is currently in another instance’s buffer cache. • Write Sharing for Updates • update needs to modify a data block that is currently in another instance’s buffer cache. • With Cache Fusion, a disk read is performed only if the block is not already in the global shared cache

15. 1 2 3 200 CR Copy Cache Fusion Read Sharing • Uses Oracle’s Consistent Read (CR) scheme • undo is applied to make a block transactionally consistent to a System Change Number (SCN). • a CR copy is shipped to the requesting instance 225 Query SCN 200 Data Block Instance A Instance B

16. Cache Fusion Write Sharing • Multiple dirty copies of a data block can exist in the global cache, but only one is current • The current copy can move between instances without first being written to disk • Changes are logged if not already on disk • Non-current dirty copies can directly service queries from any node and instance recovery

17. 4 Update Block 10 3 1 2 Copy 225 200 Cache Fusion Write Sharing Instance A Instance B Current 225 Master GCS Requester Holder Instance C

18. Efficient Inter-Node Messaging • Messaging cost independent of cluster size • At most 3 nodes involved in a request • requester, holder and master (directory) • number of messages to service a request is bounded • Inter-Node Message Latency • exploits high performance interconnect substrates so that on-the-wire message transmission times are minimal • Frequency of Inter-Node Synchronization • adaptive directory migration based on access patterns • fast reconfiguration of resources when a node joins/leaves

19. Oracle Grid Computing Goals StorageGrid DatabaseGrid ApplicationGrid GridControl • Half the Cost • Highest Quality of Service • Easiest to Manage

20. Problem with Today’s IT Infrastructure • Islands of Computing Resource • Some are melting down • Some are almost idle • High Costs • Hardware • Labor • Software • Hard to Align with Business Priorities CRM ERP DW

21. Partitioning of one large server Built with high quality, high cost parts Complete, integrated software High quality of service at high cost Coordinated use of many small servers Built with low cost, standard, modular parts Open, Complete, integrated software High quality of service at low cost Solution: Computing On Demand Mainframe Model Grid Computing Model

22. Early Grid Computing • Desktop Grids • SETI@home • Scientific Research Grids • Globus Toolkit, CERN What about Grids for the Enterprise? 11

23. Requirements for Enterprise Grids • Run all your applications • Stores all your information • Highly scalable, available, reliable • Secure • Easy to manage • Make individual systems self-managing • Manage thousands of servers at once

24. 10G 10G Introducing Oracle 10G • Runs all your applications • Stores all your information • Highly scalable, available, reliable • Secure • Easy to manage • Make individual systems self-managing • Manage thousands of servers at once

25. Oracle Database 10G – The First Database Designed for the Grid

26. Orders of MAGNITUDE… • ~354 NEW 10g features * • @5 slides / feature * • @2 minutes /slide • = 4.5 DAYs [ 9 hour/day ]

27. Oracle Database 10G – Database for the Grid • Storage for All Your Data • Real Application Clusters • High Availability • Ease of Management • Data Provisioning across Grid • Business Intelligence on the Grid • Application Development on the Grid

28. Oracle Database 10G – Database for the Grid • Storage for All Your Data • Real Application Clusters • High Availability • Ease of Management • Data Provisioning across Grid • Business Intelligence on the Grid • Application Development on the Grid

29. Oracle Database 10G – Align Storage with the Business • Problem: Islands of storage • “My storage is 50% utilized and growing 30% a year” CRM ERP DW

30. Oracle Database 10G – Align Storage with the Business • Problem: Islands of storage • “My storage is 50% utilized and growing 30% a year” • Solution: Groups of standard, modular disks • Consolidated,Networked Storage • Dynamically Provision

31. Oracle Grid Storage ManagementHighly Available and Low Cost • Oracle Automatic Storage Management • Manages disk storage groups • Mirrors, Stripes, Re-balances • Huge reduction in labor cost • Built-In Data Protection at Lowest Cost • Disk Based Backup and Recovery • Flashback in Time • Site Recovery Automatic Storage Management Disk Based Backup & Recovery

32. Automatic Storage Management – Dynamically Provision and Tune Storage • Portable, high performance file system • Eliminates need for conventional file system and volume manager • Automatic mirroring • Automatic I/O tuning • Stripes data across disks to balance load

33. 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 0010 The Operational Stack ASM TODAY Tables Tables Tablespace ASM Tablespace Files Files File System File System Logical Vols Logical Vols Disks Disk Group “The best way to lower mgmt costs is to remove complexity”

34. ASM Disk Groups • A pool of disks managed as a logical unit • Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units • ASM spreads each file evenly across all disks in a disk group • Coarse or fine grain striping based on file type • Disk groups integrated with Oracle Managed Files Disk Group

35. ASM Disk Groups • Administer disk groups not files • Number of disk groups remains constant while number of files and disks continually increases Fast Disk Group Slow Disk Group

36. Controller 1 Controller 2 Failure Group 1 Failure Group 2 Mirroring with ASMFailure Groups • Storage resources organized into Disk Groups and Failure Groups • A Disk Group is a collection of disks managed as a logical unit in which ASM files are stored • Disk Groups assigned by DBAs • A Failure Group is a set of disks sharing a common resource whose failure needs to be tolerated • Redundant copies of an extent are stored in separate Failure Groups • Failure Groups assigned by DBAs or automatically by ASM Disk Group 1

37. Automatic Storage Management – Lowest Labor Cost 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 4 2 2 0 0

38. ASM Delivers Great Performance with no Manual Tuning 22,648 20,590

39. Automatic Storage Management -Mission Critical, Low Cost Storage for Enterprise Grids • Mission-critical • Integrated mirroring • Add/drop disk online • Best I/O performance • Easy • Automatic I/O Tuning • Up to 50% less DBA/Sys Admin work • Low Cost • Works well with inexpensive disks • Better storage utilization

40. Oracle DB 10G Stores All Your Data • Complete • Integrated RelationalCharacters, Numbers and Dates Oracle TextText management and search Oracle interMediaMultimedia management Oracle LocatorLocation and Proximity Searching XML DBIntegrated Native XML Database OCS FilesLow-cost and Easy

41. Oracle DB 10G ULDB - Stores ALL Your Data • Database size limit raised to millions of Terabytes (8 Exabytes) • Ultra Large Data Files – Terabytes in single file • Unlimited size LOB columns – Terabytes • Automatic Storage Management removes file system limits

42. Oracle Database 10G – Database for the Grid • Storage for All Your Data • Real Application Clusters • High Availability • Ease of Management • Data Provisioning across Grid • Business Intelligence on the Grid • Application Development on the Grid

43. Align Processing with the Business • Problem: Islands of computation • “My servers are 15% utilized“ CRM ERP DW

44. Align Processing with the Business • Problem: Islands of computation • “My servers are 15% utilized“ • Solution: Groups of industry standard servers • Lowest cost, highest performance • Capacity on demand • Not Self-healing, Disposable

45. Oracle Database 10G RACCapacity on Demand for the Grid • Only Cluster Database that runs Real Applications and Scales • Highly Available • Runs on standard,low cost servers • Proven • Hundreds of customers • Certified with leading apps ERP CRM DW

46. Automatic Workload Management Order Entry Spare Supply Chain Normal Server Allocation

47. Automatic Workload Management Order Entry Supply Chain End of Quarter

48. Services Framework Cluster Control/Recovery Messaging and Locking Connectivity Oracle Database 10G RAC -Complete, Integrated Clusterware • Complete Oracle cluster software solution • Single-vendor support • Low Cost • No need to purchase additional software • Easy to install, manage • High quality and functionality across all platforms • Common event and management API’s • Support for third-party clusterware

49. Benefits of Integrated Clusterware • Lower software cost • Easy • Deploys in hours not days • Single integrated target for cluster management provides improved single system image • Less Risk • Same high functionality and quality across platforms • Single vendor support

50. Automatic Server Provisioning • Push-button add/drop server to cluster • Hands-free allocation and re-allocation of servers to services • Automatic routing of service requests to appropriate server with lowest load • On server failure, automatic re-allocation of surviving servers to services • Works across all platforms