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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. How are plant and animal cells different? How are they alike? Give at least three examples of each. Chapter 12 Classifying Plants. Mr. Perez. An Overview of Plants. Plant characteristics Range in size from microscopic water ferns to tall sequoias (100 meters tall)

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • How are plant and animal cells different? How are they alike? Give at least three examples of each.

  2. Chapter 12Classifying Plants Mr. Perez

  3. An Overview of Plants • Plant characteristics • Range in size from microscopic water ferns to tall sequoias (100 meters tall) • Most have roots that hold them in place • Plants are adapted to nearly every environment on Earth • Frigid cold areas • Hot, dry deserts • All plants need water

  4. An Overview of Plants • Plant cells include: • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Other cell structures • In plant cells, but not animal cells: • Cell wall (protection and structure) • Chlorophyll & chloroplast (green pigment that traps sunlight and turns it into food) • Central vacuole (store water)

  5. Plant vs. Animal Cell

  6. An Overview of Plants • Origin and Evolution of Plants • The first plants that lived on land could only live in damp areas • Ancestors were probably green algae that lived in the sea • Green algae contains chlorophyll that carries out photosynthesis • Today, plants and green algae have the same types of chlorophyll and carotenoids • Carotenoids are red, yellow or orange pigments also used in photosynthesis

  7. An Overview of Plants • The fossil record of plants is not as complete as that of animals • The oldest plant fossils are 420 million years old (Cooksonia) • Scientists believe that some of the early plants evolved from green algae • Cone-bearing plants show up in the fossil record 300-350 mya • Flowering plants show up in the fossil record 120 mya

  8. An Overview of Plants • Advantages of life on land • More sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) which is needed for photosynthesis

  9. An Overview of Plants • Protection and support on land • Cuticle: waxy, protective layer secreted by cells onto the surface of the plant. Prevents massive water loss. • Cell wall containing cellulose, a chemical compound that can be used by plants to make sugar. Long chains of cellulose provide support and structure • Structures that allow movement of water, nutrients and food throughout the plant • Reproduction • Water resistant spores • Water resistant seeds in cones or flowers

  10. An Overview of Plants

  11. An Overview of Plants • http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/plants/plant-adaptations.htm

  12. An Overview of Plants

  13. Seedless Plants • Seedless nonvascular plants • Do not grow from seeds • Contain only a few cells • Only 2 – 5 cm tall • Instead of roots, they contain rhizoids • Grow in damp places • No flowers or cones  Reproduce using spores • Mosses, liverworts and hornworts are examples

  14. Seedless Plants

  15. Seedless Plants • Nonvascular plants and the environment • Important in the ecology of many areas • Can withstand long, dry periods • Can grow in thin soils • Spores are carried by the wind • Mosses are usually the first to grow in new or disturbed areas, this makes them a pioneer species

  16. Seedless Plants • Seedless vascular plants • Contain vascular tissue (tubes used to carry water and nutrients) • Can grow bigger than seedless nonvascular plants • Examples include ferns, pines, spike mosses and horsetails

  17. Seedless Plants • Importance of seedless plants • Formation of coal • Formation of peat (soil condition and fuel) • Houseplants • Landscape • Gardening • Food • Folk medicines

  18. Seed Plants • Most seed plants have: • Leaves (where photosynthesis occurs) • Stems (support plants and move materials through vascular tissue from root to the rest of the plant) • Roots (collect water and nutrients, anchor plant to ground and store food) • Vascular tissue (tube-like) • Seed • Seed plants are split into two groups • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms

  19. Seed Plants Open and close stoma

  20. Seed Plants

  21. Seed Plants • Gymnosperms- vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit • Means “naked seed” in the Greek language • Contain needle-like leaves • Many are called evergreens • Four divisions: • Conifers- pines, firs, spruces, redwoods, junipers • Cycads • Ginkgoes • Gnetophytes

  22. Seed Plants

  23. Seed Plants • Angiosperms- vascular plant that flowers and produces fruits with one or more seeds • Flowers vary in size, shape and color • Some develop into fruit, which carry seeds • Divided into two groups (see next slide) • Monocots- have one cotyledon • Dicots- have two cotyledons

  24. Seed Plants

  25. Seed Plants • Importance of seed plants • Provide wood • Provide resin • Food • Fibers for clothing

  26. Classwork • P. 353 # 1-3, 5-6

  27. Resources • Florida Science Grade 8 Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing • Google Images

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