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Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war

Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war Involved 60 nations and 6 continents. Cost of War $400 billion $10 million dollars an hour 16 million deaths First war of the Industrial Revolution …… New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting. world map.

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Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war

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  1. Great War or War to End all War • Not called WWI until after WWII • Total war • Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

  2. Cost of War • $400 billion • $10 million dollars an hour • 16 million deaths • First war of the Industrial Revolution…… • New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

  3. world map

  4. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  5. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  6. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  7. Trench Warfare

  8. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

  9. Causes of the War

  10. Nationalism • Countries proud of their heritage and culture • Similar topatriotism • Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country • Germany wanted to expand its culture and political influence throughout Europe.

  11. Imperialism • France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia were establishing colonies in Africa and Asia • economic and political control over other countries…… • these countries were in competition for colonies

  12. Cartoon-European grab bag European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism

  13. Militarism • European nations began an arms race as they competed for colonies around the world

  14. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia] in millions of dollars. By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into the 3rd largest naval fleet in the world….The Great White Fleet

  15. Alliances • European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power …….. • Triple Alliance Triple EntenteCentral PowersAllied Powers • Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire FranceBulgaria Russia

  16. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain Germany Austrian-Hungarian Empire France Russia Turkey Italy

  17. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethnic groups. • Serbian nationalists wanted to unite Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia. • This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Saravejo

  18. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (6/28/14) franz Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession Archduke Franz Ferdinand His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI. Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.

  19. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • June 28Assassination at Sarajevo • July 27Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • July 30Russia began mobilization • 4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia, an ally of Serbia

  20. alliances2 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • August 3Germany declared war on France, invades Belgium • 6. August 4 Great Britain declared war on Germany • August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war. • August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

  21. GERMAN INVASION OF BELGIUM battle fronts • German invasion in August of 1914, through Belgium to conquer France. • Gave French and British militaries enough time to mobilize their army • Belgium puts up a strong fight. • 1st Battle of the Marne River, France and Great Britain stop Germany from capturing Paris. • France, England and Germany involve itself in trench warfare from 1914 to 1918

  22. battle fronts

  23. STALEMATE AND WARFARE Stalemate • By September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate. • Both sides holed up in trenches separated by an empty “no man’s land.” Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties. • Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an advantage. Modern Warfare • Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines • Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy. • As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill livestock, and poison wells.

  24. US IN 1914 • Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe. • US was officially NEUTRAL

  25. WILSON'S NEUTRALITY The effect of the war upon the United States will depend upon what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendlinessto all concerned. The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy.Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the momentous struggle. I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, the United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days that are to try men's souls. wilson neutrality1

  26. Close to 35% of pop. foreign born or 1st generation Americans (2 or 1 foreign-born parents)

  27. notes2 US POLICY BEFORE WWI • US believed • It had the right to trade with the warring nations • Warring nations must respect ourneutrality • in the freedom of the seas • German submarine warfare and British blockade violated our neutrality

  28. Effects of Allied blockade • 1914, $70 million in trade with Central powers • 1916, trade reduced to $1.3 million • Allied trade • Grew from $825 million to $3.2 billion in same time period • WWI transformed the US from a debtorto a creditornation

  29. Submarine Warfare • The Germans could not match Great Britain's superior navy. • Germans introduced unrestricted submarine warfare with U-Boats • Germans warned the world they would sink any ship they believed was carrying contraband to Great Britain.

  30. U-Boats • By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships.

  31. Lusitania ad

  32. Lusitania

  33. war zone

  34. war zone X Sussex Sunk: led to Sussex Pledge in March 1916. Germany promised not to sink anymore ships.

  35. Wilson Prepares for War • Told War Dept to increase military planning • National Defense Act (6/1916) • Increased size of army to 175,000 • Construction of 50 warships approved

  36. Election of 1916 Charles Evans Hughes

  37. zimmerman code

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