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Pre-History and Ancient History

Pre-History and Ancient History. Communication. Unique to Human Beings – Separates us from “lower forms.” Symbolic Communication Abstraction Symbols for symbols: words represent thoughts which represent ideas/concepts. Communication. The need to conquer time and space

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Pre-History and Ancient History

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  1. Pre-History andAncient History

  2. Communication • Unique to Human Beings – Separates us from “lower forms.” • Symbolic Communication • Abstraction • Symbols for symbols: words represent thoughts which represent ideas/concepts

  3. Communication • The need to conquer time and space • Cave paintings, Hieroglyphs, Petroglyphs, Cunieforms, etc. • Written records • Once hand-written • Only for the educated elite • No incentive to be literate

  4. Communication • Smoke signals, drums, relay runners • Heliography • Signal fires • A tactical advantage in warfare

  5. Communication & Technology • Printing using the “fruit press.” • Johannes Gutenberg and the Movable Type printing press. • The powered press.

  6. The “Master Trends” • Urbanization • Industrialization • Education (compulsory)

  7. Electronic Communication • “Electron” from the Greek “Elektron” meaning Amber. • Rubbing amber against fabric created static electricity.

  8. Electronic Communication • Galvani • Volta • Ampere • Oersted • Faraday • Maxwell • Watt

  9. Electronic Communication • Hertz • Helmholz

  10. Electronic Communication • Coded Wired Communication • Samuel Finley Breese Morse • The Telegraph • The “Morse Code”

  11. Electronic Communication • Coded Wired Communication • Transatlantic Cable • Cyrus Field • Later used for telephone

  12. Electronic Communication • Non-coded Wired Communication • Alexander Graham Bell • Elisha Gray (Barnesville, Ohio) • Filed competing patents on the same day • Bell’s lacking a component making it useless • Telephone

  13. Electronic Communication • Coded Wireless Communication • Guglielmo Marconi • Wealthy Italian Entrepreneur • AM, short distance, Morse Code • Short wave, long distance, Morse Code

  14. Electronic Communication • Non-coded (voice) Wireless Communication • Reginald Fessenden • Nathan B. Stubblefield • AM Radio!

  15. Electronic Communication • Edwin Armstrong • Using the Alexanderson Alternator • FM radio • Better Fidelity – No Static

  16. Electronic Communication • Needed Electricity! • Thomas Edison – wires New York City • Actually Direct Current • Too dangerous!

  17. Patent Wars and Problems • American Marconi’s Worldwide Monopoly • Maritime • David Sarnoff – telegraph operator • The Titanic

  18. World War I • Government forces “cross licensing” • Mobilize to win the war. • Ending the patent wars

  19. Who were the players? • Bell = Bell Telephone • Gray = Western Electric • Edison = General Electric • Marconi = Radio Corporation of America • Morse = American Telegraph and Telephone

  20. Who were the players? • United Fruit Company = maritime shipping • Westinghouse = railroad brakes(?)

  21. Ready, set, RADIO! • 8XK – the FIRST STATION doing what we would call broadcasting. • KDKA – the first COMMERCIAL BROADCAST LICENSE. • WEAF – the first commercial MESSAGE.

  22. The Golden Age of Radio • RCA owns National Broadcasting Company Red and Blue networks (NBC) • United Fruit Company creates a network that eventually becomes the Columbia Broadcasting System • Mutual Broadcasting

  23. The Golden Age of Radio • RCA forced to divest the NBC Blue Network • Sold to Edward Noble of Lifesaver Candy Company • Forms American Broadcasting Company (ABC)

  24. The Golden Age of Radio • Radio programming was “shows,” not formats. • Dramas, game shows, soap operas, westerns, mysteries, comedies, variety shows, etc. • Established the programming types that still dominate television.

  25. …and then there was Television…

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