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So You Say You Want a Revolution? Part Three: The Radical Takeover and the Reign of Terror

So You Say You Want a Revolution? Part Three: The Radical Takeover and the Reign of Terror. The French Revolution Mr. Bach Accelerated World History Hudson High School Hudson, Ohio. Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court. Fear of Counter-Revolution. Religious divisions.

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So You Say You Want a Revolution? Part Three: The Radical Takeover and the Reign of Terror

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  1. So You Say You Want a Revolution?Part Three: The Radical Takeover and the Reign of Terror The French Revolution Mr. Bach Accelerated World History Hudson High School Hudson, Ohio

  2. Attitudes & actions of monarchy& court Fear ofCounter-Revolution Religiousdivisions The Causes of Instability in France1792 - 1795 Politicaldivisions EconomicCrises War

  3. The Political Spectrum TODAY: 1790s: The Plain(swing votes) Montagnards(“The Mountain”) Girondists Monarchíen(Royalists) Jacobins

  4. The Storming of the Tuilieres:August 9-10, 1792 This was triggered in part by the publication in Paris of the August 3 Brunswick Manifesto, which confirmed popular suspicions concerning the king’s treason.

  5. The September Massacres, 1792 • Rumors that the anti-revolutionary political prisoners were plotting to break out & attack from the rear the armies defending France, while the Prussians attacked from the front. • Buveurs de sang [“drinkers of blood.”] over 1000 killed! • It discredited the Revolution among its remaining sympathizers abroad.

  6. The National Convention • The internal and external threats radicalize the Legislative Assembly such that it set aside the Constitution of 1791 and called for a new election. • The conservative constitutional monarchy of the Legislative Assembly is no more. • The radically-controlled National Convention comes to power.

  7. The Jacobins Jacobin Meeting House • They held their meetings in the library of a former Jacobin monastery in Paris. • Started as a debating society. • Membership mostly middle class. • Created a vast network of clubs.

  8. The Sans-Culottes:The Parisian Working Class • Small shopkeepers. • Tradesmen. • Artisans. They shared many of the ideals of their middle class representatives in government!

  9. Louis XVI’s Head (January 21, 1793) • The trial of the king was hastened by the discovery in a secret cupboard in the Tuilieres of a cache of documents. • They proved conclusively Louis’ knowledge and encouragement of foreign intervention. • The National Convention voted387 to 334 to execute the monarchs.

  10. Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793

  11. Jean-Paul Marat(1744 – 1793)

  12. “The Death of Marat”by Jacques Louis David, 1793

  13. The Assassination of Maratby Charlotte Corday Paul JacquesAimeeBaudry, 19c[A RomanticView]

  14. Maximillian Robespierre(1758 – 1794)

  15. Committee for Public Safety • Revolutionary Tribunals. • 300,000 arrested. • 16,000 – 50,000 executed.

  16. Enemies Everywhere! • In order to counter the huge number of foreign enemies, the Convention institutes a draft (including women) • Panic continues to sweep over France as the revolution itself is threatened.

  17. Enemies Everywhere! • Conservatives • Peasants • Priests • Nobles • Emigres • The Law of Suspects (September 1793)

  18. The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day! • The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months. • The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!

  19. Different Social Classes Executed 7% 8% 28% 25% 31%

  20. Religious Terror:De-Christianization (1793-1794) • The Catholic Church was linked withreal or potential counter-revolution. • Religion was associated with theAncien Régime and superstitiouspractices. • Very popular among the sans-culottes. • Therefore, religion had no place in arational, secular republic!

  21. The De-Christianization Program • The adoption of a new Republican Calendar: • abolished Sundays & religious holidays. • months named after seasonal features. • 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day decades. • the yearly calendar was dated fromthe creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792] The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!

  22. A Republican Calendar

  23. The New Republican Calendar

  24. A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806.

  25. The De-Christianization Program • The public exercise of religion wasbanned. • The Paris Commune supported the: • destruction of religious & royal statues. • ban on clerical dress. • encouragement of the clergy to give up their vocations. • The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was turned into the “Temple of Reason.” • The deportation of priests denounced bysix citizens.

  26. The “Temple of Reason” Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, Become the goddess of the French people.

  27. The Festival of Supreme Being A new secular holiday

  28. The “Thermidorean Reaction,” 1794 • July 26  Robespierre gives a speech illustrating new plots & conspiracies. • he alienated members of the CPS & CGS. • many felt threatened by his implications. • July 27  the Convention arrests Robespierre. • July 28  Robespierre is tried & guillotined!

  29. The Arrest of Robespierre

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