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Louis XIV: The Sun King

Louis XIV: The Sun King. By: Chris Waver, Joe Kalinka, and Adam Williams. The Childhood of Louis XIV. Born on September 15, 1638 Firstborn of King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria Began his rule at age 4 on May 14, 1643 Neglected by his mother, he once almost drowned

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Louis XIV: The Sun King

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  1. Louis XIV: The Sun King • By: Chris Waver, Joe Kalinka, and Adam Williams

  2. The Childhood of Louis XIV • Born on September 15, 1638 • Firstborn of King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria • Began his rule at age 4 on May 14, 1643 • Neglected by his mother, he once almost drowned • Driven out of Paris twice during the Fronde of 1648-1653 King Louis XIV and his brother, Duc D’Orleans

  3. Family of Louis The Fourteenth • Married to Marie Therese of Austria • Mazarin was his Godfather and Prime Minister • Cardinal Richelieu was a chief advisor to the King • Mother was Anne of Austria

  4. Castle At Versailles • Palace of Louis the Fourteenth • Surrounded by woodland for hunting • Only 25 miles away from Paris • Hall of Mirrors marked the King’s power and beauty of the castle • Surrounded by 607 fountains today • Paintings around castle are bright and evoke French victories • Some of the items in the castle were destroyed by wars

  5. “The Sun King” • Called the sun king because he used the sun as his emblem • Ruled as an absolute monarch • Claimed that he had the divine right to rule • Ruled for total of 72 years • Spent lots of money on arts and architecture as shown at Versailles • L’etat, c’est moi- I am the state.

  6. The Court of King Louis • Ended the long reign of the cardinal-ministers by becoming his own chief minister • Excluded noblesse d’epee from his council • relied on the noblesse de robe as his judicial nobility • Reformed the judicial structure by the codes of civil procedure in 1667

  7. Wars During Louis XIV’s Reign • The Fronde (1648-1653) • War of Devolution (1667-1668) • War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697) • War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

  8. The Fronde (1648-1653) The Fronde of Parlement The Fronde of Princes The prince de Conde, who aided Mazarin and Anne, expected to control them. This caused his arrest n Jan. 1650. The prince de Conde’s sister asked for help from Marshal Turenne and his Spanish Allies. The Government troops defeated Turenne in 1650, but Mazarin was forced to flee to Germany in 1651 when Conde’s supporters united in demanding Conde’s release. Turenne went over to the Government’s side ,after Louis XIV reached his majority, and defeated Conde. Conde’s Supporters made peace with the Government in 1653 It resulted in the humiliation of nobility and a strengthen of the Government’s authority • Began when the Parlement rejected a new plan for raising money, proposed by Anne of Austria, Louis’s mother, and Cardinal Mazarin • Anne and Mazarin arrested several members of the Parlement in retaliation • In August of 1648, The Parisian populace protested and barricaded the streets, this forced Anne and Mazarin were forced to release the members of the Parlement • Mazarin, Anne, and Louis XIV were forced to flee from Paris as a result of the Outbreak. • The Peace of Westphalia (Oct. 1648), which ended the Thirty Years War, freed up the royal army to take action against the Fronde • A compromise was arranged among the leaders of the Fronde and the royalty in 1649

  9. War of Devolution (1667-1653) • Between France and the Spanish Habsburgs in the Spanish Netherlands and the Franche-Comte • Began on May 24 when a French Army invaded The Spanish Netherlands and laid siege on several towns and fortresses • Fearful of France’s success, The Dutch Republic formed a Triple Alliance with England and Sweden in Jan. 1668 and threatened to join Spain if France crossed the North Sea. • The French quickly occupied the Franche-Comte, but was ill positioned to resist the Triple Alliance. • Louis XIV came to terms with the Triple Alliance and signed the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This treaty gave France some territory in Flanders, but the Spanish Netherlands and the Franche-Comte returned to Spain.

  10. War of the League of Augsburg/Grand Alliance (1689-1697) • Between William the Orange and James II in England and Louis XIV and Leopold I on Continental Europe • In Nov. 1688, William the Orange invaded England, overthrew James I, and became the King. He joined forces with Leopold I and formed the Grand Alliance against France. • Their objective was to push France back to its borders designated by the Treaty of Westphalia. • Louis only planned for a short campaign • Sept. 24, 1688-Louis XIV attacked Philipsburg • The German Princes of Rhine and the Holy Roman Emperor lead an attack against Louis • Louis drafted a list of towns that he wanted to destroy and torched multiple towns around Alsace in March to prevent them from aiding Alsace. • Sept. 8, 1689-Louis gains were partly reversed when Mainz fell to a German force commanded by Duke Charles of Lorraine. • The War continued in England and Continental Europe with each side winning the same amount of important battles. • Sept. 20 1697-The war was ended indecisively by the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick

  11. War of The Spanish Succession (1701-1714) • The last of the general European wars caused by Louis XIV’s efforts to extend French Power. Causes • The precarious health of Charles II of Spain Left the succession of the throne open to Louis XIV (the grandson of Phillip IV), Joseph Ferdinand ( the great-grandson of Phillip IV), and Leopold I (Married the younger daughter of Phillip IV), but would claim the succession in the name of his son Charles. • Weak because of the War of The Grand Alliance, Louis XIV reached a peaceful agreement with William III of England. The First Partition Treaty (1698) designated Joseph Ferdinand the principal heir and France would receive the territories of Naples and Sicily. • Ferdinand’s death in 1699, rendered the treaty inoperative and led to the Second Partition Treaty (1700), France would receive Naples, Sicily, and Milan and the rest of the Spanish empire would go to Charles, but Leopold rejected it because he wanted everything for his son. • Charles II decided his sole heir would be Louis XIV’s grandson-Philip, so Louis broke up the Treaty. Results • The Peace of Utrecht recognized Philip V as the King of Spain, but renounced him from the French line of succession. It also ceded The Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Milan, and Sardinia to Austria, Sicily and parts of Milanese to Savoy, and Gibraltar and Minorca to Great Britain.

  12. Vocabulary Terms • Parlement-the governing body in France • Noblesse d'epee- the old/traditional nobility who acquired their rank by owning land in France • Noblesse de robe-a class of hereditary nobles in France who acquired their rank through holding a high state office • Absolute Monarch-a ruler who governs alone and is not restrained by laws, a constitution, or custom • Divine Right-the doctrine that the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people. • L’etat, c’est moi- I am the state and Louis XIV has supreme power over all • Franche-Comte- The former “Free County” of Burgundy • The Fronde- Several Civil Wars in France from 1648-1653 that traumatized Louis XIV’s youth. • Philippsburg- A small city in Germany that had one of the three major fortresses in it that Louis XIV didn’t control during the War of The Grand Alliance. • Alsace- one of the 26 regions of France, located on the eastern border of France, on the west bank of the Upper Rhine, adjacent to Germany and Switzerland.

  13. The Palace At Versailles

  14. Statue of Louis XIV

  15. Bibliography • http://www.louis-xiv.de/ • go.dbcc.edu • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Devolution • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Grand_Alliance • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession

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