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Biomolecules discussion

Biology Unit 03. Biomolecules discussion. What is a Biomolecule?. Organic molecule made by living organisms Consists mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). But wait…What is an Organic Molecule?. Organic Molecules: Contain carbon Considered the “chemicals of life”

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Biomolecules discussion

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  1. Biology Unit 03 Biomolecules discussion

  2. What is a Biomolecule? • Organic molecule made by living organisms • Consists mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)

  3. But wait…What is an Organic Molecule? • Organic Molecules: • Contain carbon • Considered the “chemicals of life” • Inorganic Molecules: • Do not contain carbon

  4. Monomers vs. Polymers • Monomers: • Molecules that may react with similar molecules to form a chain • Polymers: • A chain of many monomers that are chemically bonded together

  5. Formation of Polymers • How are polymers formed? • Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water, and the two monomers are joined together.

  6. Animation Showing Condensation and Hydrolysis http://www.cengage.com/biology/discipline_content/animations/reaction_types.html

  7. Breakdown of Polymers • How are polymers broken down? • Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation) • Water added to the polymer, un-linking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units

  8. Carbohydrates • What are carbohydrates? • Group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starches, and cellulose

  9. Carbohydrates • Structure: • Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio • (CH2O)n – n is an integer such as 5 (C5H10O5) • Subunits: monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose • Most often in a ring shape • Subunits are connected with covalent bonds.

  10. Monosaccharide Example

  11. Disaccharide Example

  12. Polysaccharide Example

  13. Carbohydrates • Function: • Energy • Structural support • Cell wall • Cell membrane marker

  14. Lipids • What are they? • Organic molecule group including fats and phospholipids

  15. Lipids • Structure: • Subunits: • Glycerol and fatty acids • Glycerol and fatty acids plus phosphate group • Insoluble in water • Do not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids with glycerol) • Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride

  16. Triglyceride Example

  17. Phospholipid Example

  18. Lipids • Function: • Energy storage • Insulation • Part of cell membrane (phospholipids) • Hormones

  19. Proteins • What are proteins? • Group of organic molecules that provides structure and facilitates chemical reactions.

  20. Proteins • Structure: • Subunits: Amino acids • Amino acids connect via peptide bonds • Very large molecules • Globular or structural

  21. Amino Acid

  22. Proteins • Function: • Lots of functions! • Enzymes (speed rate of chemical reactions) • Structural components in cells • Mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton (internal cell framework) • Cell signaling • Immune response

  23. Nucleic Acids • What are nucleic acids? • Group of organic molecules including DNA and RNA

  24. Nucleic Acids • Structure: • Subunits are nucleotides—5-Carbon sugar, Nitrogen base, and one or more Phosphate groups.

  25. Nucleic Acids • Function: • Storage and retrieval of information: • Encode genes • Gene expression

  26. Information Sources for Diagrams Capri, A. (2003). Carbohydrates. Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=61 Capri, A. (2003). Fats and proteins. Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=62 Indiana University. (2013). Fat and why it matters to you. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/Fat/SolidNLiquid.html Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/H-index.cfm?definition=hydrogen_bond Chemical Education Digital Library Admin. (2011, January 20). Nucleic acid structure. Retrieved from Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/H-index.cfm?definition=hydrogen_bond Dna structure. (2010, September 28). Retrieved from http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO 205/LessonBuilders/Chapter 9 LB/Ch9b3.html

  27. Information Sources for this PPT Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Biomolecules and the Chemistry of Life. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/ Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/organic-inorganic-molecules.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Monomers, Polymers, and Dehydration Synthesis - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/monomers-polymers-dehydration-synthesis.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Lipids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/lipids.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Carbohydrates - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/carbohydrates.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Proteins - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/proteins.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Nucleic Acids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/nucleic-acids.html

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