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Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering. Genetic engineering is a deliberate change in the characteristics of an organism by manipulating the DNA code and allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another to achieve a desired result.

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Genetic Engineering

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  1. Genetic Engineering

  2. Genetic Engineering • Genetic engineering is a deliberate change in the characteristics of an organism by manipulating the DNA code and allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another to achieve a desired result. • Genetic engineers can alter the DNA code of living organisms • Examples of genetic engineering • Selective breeding • Genetically altered plants and animals • Medicine • Cloning • Uses in criminal investigations

  3. Recombinant DNA • Most examples of genetic engineering are the result of recombinant DNA. • The ability to combine the DNA of one organism with the DNA of another organism. • Recombinant DNA technology was first used in the 1970’s with bacteria

  4. Selective Breeding • Breed only those plants or animals with desirable traits • People have been using selective breeding for 1000’s of years with farm crops and domesticated animals. • Farmers have used selective breeding to create bigger and better crops and livestock.

  5. Genetically Modified Plants • Some of the genes have been changed or new genes have been added. • Insecticide sweet corn that is resistant to pests. • Golden rice that contains large amounts of A-vitamins. • Long-lasting tomatoes containing less of a substance that causes them to rot

  6. Genetically Altered Animals • Like plants, some genes have been changed or added. • Cats that glow in the dark. • Cows that create less methane to reduce green-house gasses. • Pigs that are better able to process phosphorus keeping it out of the watershed due to run-off. (aka Enviropig or Frankenswine) • Featherless chickens

  7. Medicine • Scientists are creating medicines using genetic engineering. • Genetic engineering has been used to mass produce insulin for diabetics using bacteria to make recombinant DNA. • Flax has been genetically engineered to create albumin serum. Human serum albumin is used to replace lost fluid in the cases of trauma or surgery. • Anti-coagulent made from genetically modified goat’s milk to treat people with blood clots.

  8. Cloning • Cloning is one kind of genetic engineering. • Recombinant DNA is a kind of DNA cloning. • Most think of reproductive cloning when discussing cloning. • Reproductive cloning forms a twin of the original organism. Genetic material is transferred from the cell of the donor organism to the egg cell of another.

  9. Dolly • In the late 1990s, Dolly, a sheep, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned. • Her cloning proved that an organism can be created from the genetic material of any specialized adult cell.

  10. Genetic Counseling • Mapping the human genome has made it possible to more accurately predict traits that may be passed on to offspring. • A pedigree may be used during genetic counseling to help chart traits that have been passed down through the generations

  11. CSI Polymerase Chain Reaction Gel Electrophoresis • PCR allows scientists to make many copies of a piece of DNA. This technology allows scientists to identify someone’s DNA!

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