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Mycorrhizal patterns in depth

Mycorrhizal patterns in depth. Franklin Diggs SUNY ESF. Review. Mycorrhiza are symbiotic relationships between plant roots and soil inhabiting fungi Plants pass photosynthate to the fungi in return for mineral nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous Formed by most land plants.

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Mycorrhizal patterns in depth

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  1. Mycorrhizal patterns in depth Franklin Diggs SUNY ESF

  2. Review • Mycorrhiza are symbiotic relationships between plant roots and soil inhabiting fungi • Plants pass photosynthate to the fungi in return for mineral nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous • Formed by most land plants http://www.keywordpictures.com/keyword/mykorrhiza/

  3. Forests as networks Martin Dodge, 2007) http://greenlighte.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/alberton-o-kuypert-2009.jpg

  4. Classification sporocarp mantle Hartig Net vesicle http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/2011/bielmeie_luke/Phylogeny.htm http://eagle-rock.org/images/thumb/Coupe_mycorhizes.jpg/400px-Coupe_mycorhizes.jpg

  5. Why are we interested in depth? Niche partitioning Studies in monocultures of dual infection hosts have shown guild wide niche partitioning (Neville et al. 2002) Nutrient cycling Arbuscular mycorrhizae are thought to be responsible for phosphate mining, and may be a chief component of phosphorous additions to older plant communities (Smith and Read 2008)

  6. Objectives • Compare percent root length colonized in each guild along depth and the ratio of the two • Compare the root length of each guild along depth and the ratio of the two \

  7. Hypotheses • Percent root length colonized will be less in the deeper soils than in the shallow in both guilds, the AM/EM ratio will increase with depth • Colonized root length will be less in the deep soil, but the AM/EM ratio will increase with depth

  8. Field methods • Roots were collected by the shoestring crew in fall 2010 • Shallow soils were collected using 10cm soil cores • A 20cm power core was used to collect deep soils • Soils were separated into horizons based on visual inspection

  9. Methods Root length is estimated using grid intersection Ectomycorrhizal colonization is estimated by using the proportion of those intersections which crossed ectomycorrhizal root tips compared to colonized root To estimate Arbuscular mycorrhizal percentage <1mm diameter roots are cut into 2mm section and stained, slides are prepared and examined at 400x magnification and the presence or absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal features is noted

  10. Methods http://mycorrhizas.info/method.html

  11. Results Root length per area of soil by mycorrhizal guild

  12. Results • Greater colonization in shallow soils regardless of guild (p<0.001) • Greater root length in shallow soils regardless of guild (p=0.016) • No change in the ratio of percent colonization between guilds across depth (p=0.46) • Change in the ratio of root length between guilds across depth in one stand

  13. Future work Post treatment mycorrhizal measurements -Decrease in mycorrhiza tion in response to fertilization Use molecular methods to determine variation in mycorrhizal diversity across depth Development of new AM primers may lead to a unified methodology for sampling mycorrhiza of both guilds

  14. Acknowledgements Ruth Yanai Thomas Horton Tim Fahey 2010 Shoestring crew Matt Vadeboncoeur April Doner Kikang Bae MELNHE project and the Shoestring crew McIntire-Stennis Fund Bartlettt experimental forest

  15. Works cited • Brundett, M., N. Bougher, B. Dell, T. Grove, and N. Malajczuk. 1996. Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. • Dickie, I. A., B. Xu, and R. T. Koide. 2002. Vertical niche differentiation of ectomycorrhizal hyphae in soil as shown by T-RFLP analysis. New Phytologist 156:527–535. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00535.x. • Neville, J., J. . Tessier, I. Morrison, J. Scarratt, B. Canning, and J. . Klironomos. 2002. Soil depth distribution of ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Populustremuloides within a 3-year-old boreal forest clear-cut. Applied Soil Ecology 19:209–216. doi: 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00193-7. • Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition, 3rd edition. Academic Press.

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