Buddhism and Global Ethic

1. Buddhism and Global Ethic Rosan Yoshida, Ph.D. Presentation At Ethical Society, St. Louis July 29, 2007 C.E.

2. Blind Men Groping For An Animal King Adassa asked blind men to touch an animal and tell him their findings. Blind men groped, guessed, insisted and fought for their findings: Snake, Hose, Pillar, Winnow, Wall, . . .

3. Buddhism (Awakened Way 1) • AWAKENING from nightmare & daydreams (delusion=selfishness due to motion/idea) in the 3 Steps (delusion-action-suffering) • PEACE in awakening & unconditioning (cessation of action/action-result=karma) by the 3 Learning (sila, samadhi, prajna= morality, concentration, prognosis)

4. Buddhism (Awakened Way 2) • Unsurpassed Awakening (anuttara-samyak-sambodhi) in the Dharma of Dependent Origination (paticca-samuppada) • Unconditioned Peace (nirvana, cessation of wind, or storm of emotions & volitions)

5. Shortest expression: • With-cause form/formation (sa-hetu dhamma/dharma=phenomena with causes/conditions • Simplest description): • When this is, that is. When this is not, that is not. • When this arises, that arises. When this ceases that ceases. • 3. Original meaning: • Dependent Origination of perception/consciousness on sense organs and sense • objects (paticca-sam-uppada= coming together origination of organs/objects) • 4. Application to other originations: • Origination of suffering dependent on craving/attachment. • Origination of samsara=flow (vicissitude of life) dependent on nescience/ignorance • 5. 12 limbed Dependent (putting together of above 3 and 4: • This was formulated for learning/teaching of samsara-suffering (life in suffering) • 6. Comprehensive nature/statement: • Dependent Origination is called as the Dharma of all dharmas (Norm of all forms). • It is said that this truth/law is omnipresent in spite of Buddhas birth or not.. Dependent Origination 1 Notes on the terms: Name-form = sense object = dharma Six bases = six sense organs Contact = contact of sense organ, sense object and consciousness Formation = function (karma) Becoming = birth/aging/death = samsara (flow) Craving, formations & suffering are called “three steps (sando) Nescience (existential ignorance) appropriates body-mind as self, involved in becoming (birth, aging, death = samsara).

6. Old oral tradition: • Nescience – formations – consciousness – name-form – six bases – contact – feeling – • craving – appropriation – becoming - birth – aging-death • 2. New structural interpretation = showing suffering of samsara (impermanence): Notes on the terms: Name-form = sense object = dharma Six bases = six sense organs Contact = contact of sense organ, sense object and consciousness Formation = function (karma) Becoming = birth/aging/death = samsara (flow) Craving, formations & suffering are called “three steps (sando) Nescience (existential ignorance) appropriates body-mind as self, involved in becoming (birth, aging, death = samsara). name-form six bases consciousness feeling formations appropriation becoming birth/aging-death contact Dependent Origination 2 craving nescience suffering

7. Global Problematique & Its Solutions 1. Global Problematique ２．Global System Syndrome ３．Global Ethic Illnesses ４．Global Solutions

8. Cosmic Calendar Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May １ Big Bang Birth of Milky Way １５bill. yrs. ago １０bill. yrs. ago

9. Cosmic Calendar June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 9 Birth of the Sun Oldest Fossil ４.７bill. yrs. ago 3.2bill. yrs. ago 14 Birth of the Earth 4.5bill. yrs. ago 20 Photo- synthesis 3bill. yrs. ago

10. Cosmic Calendar Nov. 十二月 Dec. 1 Plant/animal division 1.2bill. yrs. ago 6 Poly-cell organisms 1bill. yrs. ago 19 Vertebrata 0.5bill. yrs. ago 25 Genuine nucleus organisms １.５bill. yrs. ago 26 Mammals 0.2bill. yrs. ago

11. Cosmic Calendar Dec. 1 Plant/animal division 1.2bill. yrs. ago 脊椎動物 ５億年前 6 Polycell organisms 1bill. yrs. ago 19 Mass extinction 1 Mass extinction 2 20 (22) Plants landing 0.4bill. yrs. ago (Mass ext. 3) (Mass ext. 4) (25) 26 Mammals 0.2bill. yrs. ago Mass ext. 5 29 Primates 5mil. yrs. ago 31 Hominids 2mil. yrs. ago

12. Our growing population Population Change from 1900-2000

13. World energy consumption pattern World Energy Consumption between 1800 - 1990 World Primary Energy Consumption since 1970, projected to 2025

14. Earth’s Shrinking Biosphere Currently, the Earth is the only home we have 1900-2000 AD With each new person added to our growing population, the amount of our living space decreases Land Area hectare per/capita

15. FORESTS 1900 3.18 1950 1.85 1960 1.45 1970 1.17 1980 0.97 1990 0.82 2000 0.64 Earth’s shrinking forestland (Ha per capita) 1900 - 2000 Earth’s shrinking forestland (Ha per capita) 1900-2000

16. Increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide 2000-about 365 ppm Carbon dioxide levels have risen by 30% in the last 200 years. The IPCC projects that, if unchecked, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will range from 650 to 970 ppm by 2100.

17. Dramatic changes in Arctic Sea Ice Imagine an ice-free Arctic

18. Ozone Hole 1999 1979 1990 1988 1982 1992 1997 1986 1984 1994 Darkest blue areas represent regions of maximum ozone depletion 2004

19. Extreme Events World Map of Historical Earthquakes

20. Dust traveling over the Pacific Images taken between April 29 and May 5, 2005 shows dust from the Gobi Desert crossing the Pacific, well on its way to North America

21. WATER AND LAKES • Lake Chad, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon • Challawa Gorge Dam, Nigeria • Lake Nakuru, Kenya • Lake Victoria, Uganda • Lesotho Highlands Water • Project, Lesotho • Aral Sea, Kazakhstan • Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan • Kara- Bogaz -Gol (KBG), Turkmenistan Estimated global water loss in irrigation Source: FAO

22. Indian Ocean Tsunami: Devastated Banda Aceh Serene Banda Aceh Dec. 2004: Tsunami devastated the region of Banda Aceh

23. Bam, Iran: City destroyed by earthquake A 6.6 magnitude earthquake struck southeastern Iran on 26 December 2003, killing over 40 000 people, injuring 16 000, leaving 70 000 homeless and destroying much of the city of Bam, the earthquake’s epicenter

24. Mozambique under water 2000: Due to severe flooding, half a million people were made homeless and 700 lost their lives 22 August 1999: Mozambique under normal conditions 1 March 2000: Mozambique under water

25. World’s worst nuclear accident The Chernobyl nuclear accident killed more than 31 people immediately More than 120 000 people from 213 villages and cities were relocated outside the contamination zone Much of the farmland surrounding the plant was heavily contaminated with radioactive nuclides and was subsequently abandoned

26. Dramatic changes in Huang He Delta, China Images show the mouth of the Yellow River and the emergence of a huge parrot-headed peninsula • 1979-2000: Huang He’s yellow color is the result of huge loads of sediments

27. Changes in Huang He Delta, China • From 1989 to 1995 the Yellow River delta area grew • From 1995 to 2000 the Yellow River delta area shrank Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

28. Replacement of mangroves by aquaculture in Thon Buri, Thailand • 1973-1978: Area is caught in the battle between needs of people versus the welfare of the coastal areas • 2002: Shows extensive aquaculture ponds (blue patches inland)

29. Sundarban: Largest mangrove forest of the world, India/Bangladesh Forest degradation has been occurring in many parts of Sundarbans Shrimp farming is a major threat to mangrove forests

30. 3 Revolutions of Humans Social Rev. Spiritual Rev. Production Rev. 1st Agricultural Rev. 　 １０mil. yrs. ago 2nd Industrial Rev. 　 ２５0 yrs. ago 1st Urban Rev. 　 ５mil. yrs. ago 2nd National Rev. 　２００ yrs. ago 1st Religious Rev. 　 ２.5mil. yrs. ago 2nd Life Rev. 　２０ yrs. ago

31. 5 Calamities of Civilization Delusion, Bondage, Discrimination, Exploitation, War Civilization Calamities Robbing of limited matter/power Competition, Conflict, War Symbiosis, Collaboration, Peace Sharing of limitless mind/life Culture Blisses Awakening, Freedom, Equality, Love, Peace 5 Blisses of Culture

32. power mind Pyramidal Civilization matter ego greed, anger, ignorance discrimination, exploitation, killing production, consumption, wasting deterioration, depletion, pollution malfunction, abnormality, extinction life ECO

33. matter power Pyramidal Civilization Three Steps 力 delusion action suffering 　命 mind life

34. Problems of Civilization Civilization Realmmen over- population class-crime-war Ideology-ism-WMD Fanaticism-nationalism Mass-production/consumption /wasting/pollution/depletion/damage /disorder/disease/deterioration/disease Animal FieldLife Realm Loss of life/species/life function/habitat/biodiversity/ Adaptability/invasion of new species/disturbance of system Plant Field Loss of forests//coral reefs/lakes/marshes/rivers/streams/ vitality/resistance-disease-dislocation-deterioration-destruction-demise Life Field global warming・loss of land/glacier/iceberg/water-sealevelrise-dissertification- pollution of air/water/earth-depletion of resources/ozone layer-abnormal weather/season

35. System Network Indra-net Every crystal reflecting all others limitlessly

36. illness star-vation wars poverty re-soures loss Ecnomic problems social problems vitality loss 難民 disasters Mal-adjustment bio-diversity loss 犯罪 abnormal weather climate change Indra-net habitat change sea current stop warming CO２ increase 宗教間 組織 sea level rise Systemic Reflections (CO2 Case) species extinction species change

37. 5 Fictitious Bodies nation religion Mutual influence corporation education media

38. 5 Fictitious Bodies’ Transformation Inter- religious dialog NGO NPO Life- long education Information Revolution Mutual Development

39. 5 Fictitious Bodies’ Transformation Inter-religious cooperation NGO NPO Information Networking Centerless centers Lifelong education Global interchange Mutual Interpenetration

40. System Syndrome: 5S Stratification Stress Synergy System Syndrome Speed Size

41. System Stigma: 5S Separation Stupefication Specialization System Stigma Standardization Simplification

42. 3 Error Types Pre Post Temporal Dimensional Spatial Mundus （Perceptual- conceptual） A-mundus Macro Micro

43. 3 Steps to Suffering Delusion Action Suffering Global System/Truth Global/Ethic Global/Peace Awakening Action Pleasure 3 Steps to Peace-pleasure

44. Paradigm Shift: 5P Practice Penetration Participation Paradigm Shift Priority Perspective

45. Life Shift: 5C Cooperation Commitment Compassion Life Shift Communication Consciousness

46. Truth & Ethic Requirements System Information Ethic Matter Fundamental Preventive Dynamic Total

47. 1st 4 of 5 Buddhist Precepts Matter Information Generation LIFE No sexual misconduct No stealing No killing No lying

48. Declaration toward a Global Ethic Parliament of World’s Religions, Chicago, 1993 4 Irrevocable Directives Commitment to the culture of 1. non- violence & respect for life 2. solidarity & just economic order 3. tolerance & a life of truthfulness 4. equal rights & partnership between men and women

49. Truth & Ethic of Global System Material flow Information flow Global System Global Ethic ５　S １．Systemic ２. Sustainable ３．Saving ４．Safe ５．Simple ５　L １．Law ２．Life ３．Love ４．Liberation ５．Lieless ５　R １．Reduce ２．Reuse ３．Recycle ４．Rearrange ５．Restore ５　A １．Access ２．Assess ３．Agree ４．Act ５．Advise

50. A Clear Crystal Ball - realizing the whole world in “a cypress tree”-