Unit 5 International Trade Custom

1. Unit 5 International Trade Custom Text I Incoterms 2000 -To learn briefly the structure of the 13 incoterms in international trade Text II FOB -To study the obligations of the seller and the buyer under the FOB term Typical Sentence Patterns: Legislative Text (V)

2. Text I Incoterms 2000 Useful expressions: for ease of understanding, named / designated / appointed / agreed / nominated place, place (the goods) at the disposal of sb., main carriage, at sb.’s premises, place of delivery / delivery point, under (the) CFR (term) etc., clear goods for export / import, on usual terms, country of destination, country of shipment, country of dispatch, loss of or damage to goods, customs clearance procedures / formalities Terms: (13 Incoterms) EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP; (types of contracts involved) sales contract / contract of sale, shipment / departure contract, contract of carriage, arrival contract; delivery Proper names: ICC, Incoterms

3. Questions based on the text • What do Incoterms refer to? • Why did the ICC define the Incoterms? • How are the 13 Incoterms grouped and what is the criterion of such grouping? • What are the differences between a shipment contract and an arrival contract? • Under Incoterms 2000, how are the customs clearance procedures carried out?

4. Terms and proper names Incoterms 2000 《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》 International Commercial Terms -They are internationally accepted commercial terms defining the respective roles of the buyer and seller in the arrangement of transportation and other responsibilities and clarify when the ownership of the merchandise takes place. They are used in conjunction with a sales contract or other method of transacting the sale. （原文见http://www.iccwbo.org/incoterms/id3045/index.html, 通则翻译见http://www.com-law.net/fagui/waimao/incoterms.htm） Note: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDU and DDP are commonly used for any mode of transportation. FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, and DEQ are used for sea and inland waterway.

5. Incoterms 的结构     1990年，为了便于理解，将所有的术语分为4个基本不同的类型。第一组为“E”组（EXW），指卖方仅在自己的地点为买方备妥货物；第二组“F”组（FCA、FAS和FOB），指卖方需将货物交至买方指定的承运人；第三组“C”组（CFR、CIF、CPT和CIP），指卖方须订立运输合同，但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生意外所发生的额外费用，卖方不承担责任；第四组“D”组（DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU和DDP），指卖方须承担把货物交至目的地国所需的全部费用和风险。

6. 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则 E组（发货）EXW  工厂交货（……指定地点） F组（主要运费未付）FCA  货交承运人（……指定地点）FAS  船边交货（……指定装运港）FOB  船上交货（……指定装运港） C组（主要运费已付）CFR  成本加运费（……指定目的港）CIF  成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港）CPT  运费付至（……指定目的港）CIP  运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地） D组（到达）DAF  边境交货（……指定地点）DES  目的港船上交货（……指定目的港）DEQ  目的港码头交货（……指定目的港）DDU  未完税交货（……指定目的地）DDP  完税后交货（……指定目的地）

7. Terms and proper names shipment contract 装运合同 C组术语与F组术语具有相同性质的一点,就在于卖方是在装运国或发货国完成合同履行。因此,C组术语的销售合同和F组术语的销售合同一样,属于装运合同。　　装运合同的特点是,卖方要支付将货物按照惯常航线和习惯方式运至约定地点所需的通常运输费用,而货物灭失或损坏的风险以及在货物以适当方式交付运输之后发生意外而发生的额外费用则应由买方承担。因此,C组术语包含两个区别于其他所有术语的"分界点":一是指明卖方必须安排运输,并承担其费用的点;另一点是风险的划分点。为此,凡增加卖方在C组术语下的义务而扩大卖方的责任超出上述风险划分的"分界点"时,应特别小心。按照CIF和CIP术语,卖方在履行其合同义务,订立运输合同,将货物交付承运人并办理保险后,免除卖方任何进一步风险和费用,这正是C组术语的实质所在。

8. Terms and proper names arrival contract 到货合同 D组术语与C组术语有着本质区别。根据D组术语,卖方负责将货物运至边境或进口国内的约定目的地或点。卖方必须承担货物运至该地前的全部风险和费用,因此,D组术语属于到货合同,而C组术语则属于离港(装运)合同。

9. Text II FOB Refer to the Chinese version at http://www.com-law.net/fagui/waimao/incoterms.htm

10. Seller’s obligations A 卖方义务 (A1-A10) A1 提供符合合同规定的货物A2 许可证、其他许可和手续 A3 运输合同与保险合同 A4 交货A5 风险转移 A6 费用划分 A7 通知买方A8 交货凭证、运输单据或有同等作用的电子讯息 A9 查对、包装、标记 A10 其他义务

11. Buyer’s obligations B 买方义务 (B1-B10) B1 支付价款 B2 许可证、其他许可和手续 B3 运输合同与保险合同B4 受领货物 B5 风险转移 B6 费用划分 B7 通知卖方 B8 交货凭证、运输单据或有同等作用的电子讯息 B9 货物检验 B10 其他义务