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Visual Analysis of Macroscopic Patterns

Visual Analysis of Macroscopic Patterns. Visual Analysis of Macroscopic Patterns. Chaomei Chen College of Information Science and Technology. Chaomei Chen College of Information Science and Technology. Drexel Computer Science Colloquium. November 12, 2007. Questions. Question 1:

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Visual Analysis of Macroscopic Patterns

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  1. Visual Analysis of Macroscopic Patterns Visual Analysis of Macroscopic Patterns Chaomei Chen College of Information Science and Technology Chaomei Chen College of Information Science and Technology Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008. Drexel Computer Science Colloquium. November 12, 2007

  2. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  3. Questions Question 1: How do we recognize that something is interesting, or suspicious, or worth pursuing? Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  4. Questions Question 2: What does it take for us to decide whether it will be worthwhile going through a collection of information or a complex network of data? Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  5. Questions Question 3: How can we strategically ‘fast forward’ through a complex web of information at a higher-level of aggregation? Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  6. Outline • Puzzles and mysteries • Information foraging and scent following • Bayesian reasoning • Detect surprises and semantic outliers • The role of structural holes in information networks • Understanding high-profile and low-profile information patterns Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  7. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  8. The Connecting-the-Dots Problem "I don't think anybody could have predicted that they would try to use an airplane as a missile, a hijacked airplane as a missile," said national security adviser Condoleeza Rice on May 16, 2002. "How is it possible we have a national security advisor coming out and saying we had no idea they could use planes as weapons when we had FBI records from 1991 stating that this is a possibility," said Kristen Breitweiser, one of four New Jersey widows who lobbied Congress and the president to appoint the commission. The widows want to know why various government agencies didn't connect the dots before Sept. 11, such as warnings from FBI offices in Minnesota and Arizona about suspicious student pilots. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  9. First Monday - Uncloaking Terrorist Networks by Valdis Krebs Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  10. Connectable Dots? • Prior to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, • several foreign nationals enrolled in different civilian flying schools to learn how to fly large commercial aircraft. • They were interested in learning how to navigate civilian airlines, but not in landings or takeoffs. • And they all paid cash for their lessons. • …… Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  11. Puzzles Where is bin Laden? Mysteries Why did Enron collapse? Puzzles .vs. Mysteries Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  12. We may have all the necessary information in front of us and yet fail to see the connection or recognize an emergent pattern. To solve a mystery, one needs to ask the right question. Solving Mysteries Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  13. Solving Mysteries aggregation decomposition Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  14. Macroscopic and Microscopic Levels disciplines domains digital libraries specialties documents clusters sentences associations phrases concepts words Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  15. Information Foraging and Sense Making Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  16. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  17. What is my profitability here? Gain=? Cost=? Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  18. Information Foraging Theory • People adapt their search strategies to maximize their profitability, or the profit-investment ratio. • Profit: finding relevant information • Cost: time spent • People may adapt their search by reconfiguring the information environment. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  19. Information Scent • Information scent is the perception of the value, cost, or accessible path of information sources. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  20. Information Foraging at Macroscopic Levels through Information Networks Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  21. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  22. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  23. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  24. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  25. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  26. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  27. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  28. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  29. Information Entropy and Uncertainty Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  30. Uncertainty • A good example • Voting in political elections • deal with overwhelmingly diverse information • differentiate political positions • accommodate conflicting views • update beliefs in light of new evidence • make macroscopic, categorical decisions Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  31. Evidence and Beliefs • The USS Scorpion was lost from the sea in May 1968. • The search for the USS Scorpion nuclear submarine is a frequently told story of a successful application of Bayesian reasoning. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  32. NSF Annual Budget Requests NSF Awards NSF (SGER) Foresightness USPTO arXiv, ADS Science, Nature Web of Science Textbook Citations Patents Grants Long-Term Plans Preprints Publications Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  33. NSF Small Grants for Exploratory Research (SGER) (2000-2007) Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  34. NSF Budget Requests FY2004-FY2008CISEp=0.5 Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  35. Saliency and Novelty Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  36. Structural Holes and Brokerage • The lack of comprehensive connectivity among components in a social network. • Information flows are restricted to the privileged few who are strategically positioned over structural holes. • The presence of a structural hole has a potential for gaining distinct advantages. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  37. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  38. Previous hot topic? Turning point? Transition path? Current hot topic? Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  39. Macroscopic Views of Information ContentsInformation Entropy (Vocabulary) Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  40. relative entropy Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  41. Information Indices Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  42. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  43. Interestingness, Unexpectedness and Actionability interestingness objective subjective unexpectedness actionability Δbeliefs interested in learning how to navigate civilian airlines, but not in landings or takeoffs. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  44. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  45. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  46. Analytical Reasoning Information Foraging Microscopic Structures Aggregation & Transformation natural language processing Information theory information scent sense making entity-relation extraction information indices interestingness novelty formulate hypotheses statistical modeling graphical models uncertainty predictability evaluate evidence feature selection belief networks search strategies decision making association rules classification summarization macroscopic views new theories solved mysteries ontology construction predictive models decision trees emergent properties novelty detection topic tracking Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  47. Technical Contentshttp://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cc345/papers/papers.html • CiteSpace • http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespace • Chen, C. (2006) CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(3), 359-377.http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/%7Ecchen/citespace/doc/jasist2006.pdf • Differentiating Conflicting Opinions • Chen, C.,SanJuan, F. I., SanJuan, E., & Weaver, C. (2006) Visual analysis of conflicting opinions. IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST 2006), Baltimore, MA. Oct 31-Nov 2, 2006. pp. 59-66. http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/%7Ecchen/papers/confs/vast2006-chen.pdf • Scientific Discoveries • Chen, C., Zhang, J., Zhu, W., Vogeley, M. (2007) Delineating the citation impact of scientific discoveries. IEEE/ACM Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2007). June 17-22, 2007. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/%7Ecchen/papers/confs/jcdl2007.pdf • Knowledge Diffusion • Chen, C., Zhu, W., Tomaszewski, B., MacEachren, A. (2007) Tracing conceptual and geospatial diffusion of knowledge. HCI International 2007. Beijing, China. July 22-27, 2007.http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/%7Ecchen/papers/confs/hcii2007.pdf Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  48. Acknowledgements • NSF IIS Award #0612129 • SEI: Coordinated Visualization and Analysis of Sky Survey Data and Astronomical Literature • National Visualization and Analytics Center (NVAC) • Northeast Visualization and Analytics Center(NEVAC) Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  49. Credits • http://www.care2.com/c2c/groups/disc.html?gpp=12960&pst=600297&archival=&posts=7 • http://www.princeton.edu/~rvdb/JAVA/election2004/ Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

  50. Chen, C. (2008) An information-theoretic view of visual analytics. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Jan/Feb 2008.

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