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Psychological Testing

Psychological Testing. Chapter 13. Characteristics Of Psychological Tests. Section 1. Test Reliability. Reliability- the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions There are three ways of determining reliability. 1. Test-Retest 2. Scorer/ Interscorer

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Psychological Testing

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  1. Psychological Testing Chapter 13

  2. Characteristics Of Psychological Tests Section 1

  3. Test Reliability • Reliability- the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions • There are three ways of determining reliability. • 1. Test-Retest • 2. Scorer/Interscorer • 3. Split-Half Reliability

  4. Test Validity • Validity- the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure • How well does it predict performance?

  5. Standardization • Tests must be administered and scored the same way every time. • They must have established norms. • Percentile System- ranking of test scores that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score • Norms- standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large, well-defined groups of people

  6. Personality Testing Section 2

  7. Personality Testing • Assesses an individual’s characteristics and identifies problems • They can be objective or projective. • Objective tests- a limited or forced choice test in which a person must select one of several answers • Projective tests- an unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli

  8. Myers-Briggs Indicator Type Test Results

  9. ESTJ(The Supervisor) • Use logic and organization of the facts to get tasks done • Management, Administration, Law Enforcement • Similar Celebrities • George W. Bush • Nolan Ryan • Judge Judy • Princess Leia • Dr. Laura Schlesinger • Lucy (Peanuts Character)

  10. ESFP(The Entertainer/Performer) • Use outgoing nature and enthusiasm to help people with practical needs • Health Care, Teaching, Child Care, Skilled Trades • Similar Celebrities • Bob Hope • Goldie Hawn • Kyle Petty • Magic Johnson • Charles Barkley • Bill Clinton • Penny (The Big Bang Theory)

  11. INFP(The Idealist/Healer) • Use creativity to honor or support their values • Counseling, Writing, Arts • Similar Celebrities • Helen Keller • Fred Rogers (Mister Rogers) • James Taylor • Amy Tan • Frodo Baggins • Calvin (Calvin and Hobbes)

  12. ISTJ(The Investigator/Inspector) • Use attention to detail to get the job done • Management, Administration, Accounting, Law Enforcement • Similar Celebrities • Queen Elizabeth II • Harry Truman • Evander Holyfield • Jack Nicklaus • Cliff Clavin (Cheers) • Captain Spock

  13. ISFP(The Artisan/Composer) • Use gentle nature and attention to detail, in service-related positions • Health Care, Business, Law Enforcement • Similar Celebrities • Mozart • Neil Simon • Paul McCartney • Paul Pierce • Brooke Shields • Harry Potter

  14. ENTJ(The CEO) • Use analysis, strategic planning, and organization to get tasks completed • Management, Leadership • Similar Celebrities • Napoleon Bonaparte • Richard M. Nixon • Sigourney Weaver • Margaret Thatcher • Alan Greenspan • Mr. Miyagi

  15. ESTP(The Opportunist/Promoter) • Take action, work hands-on and attend to details • Marketing, Skilled Trades, Business, Law Enforcement • Similar Celebrities • Ernest Hemingway • Lucille Ball • Pedro Martinez • Eddie Murphy • Madonna • James Bond • Donald Trump

  16. ENFJ(The Educator/Teacher) • Help others with their emotional, intellectual, and spiritual growth • Religion, Arts, Teaching • Similar Celebrities • Diane Sawyer • Oprah Winfrey • Martin Luther King, Jr. • Lauren Graham (Gilmore Girls) • Ben Affleck • Yoda

  17. INTJ(The Inventor/Mastermind) • Use intellectual creativity and technical knowledge to conceptualize, analyze, and get tasks done • Scientific/Technical Field, Computers, Law • Similar Celebrities • Ulysses S. Grant • Arnold Schwarzenegger • Rudy Giuliani • Donald Rumsfeld • General Colin Powell • Batman

  18. ISTP(The Athlete/Crafter) • Work hands-on with data or things and analyze • Skilled Trades, Agriculture, Law Enforcement, Military, Technical Fields • Similar Celebrities • Ted Williams • Bruce Lee • Roger Clemens • Larry Bird • Michael Jordan • Allen Iverson • Han Solo

  19. INFJ(The Wordsmith/Counselor) • Facilitate others’ emotional, intellectual or spiritual development • Religion, Counseling, Teaching, Arts • Similar Celebrities • Aristophanes • Mohandas Gandhi • Eleanor Roosevelt • Michael Landon • Queen Noor • Professor Dumbledore

  20. ENTP(The Strategizer) • Continuously take on new challenges and solve problems • Science, Management, Technology, Arts • Similar Celebrities • Benjamin Franklin • Walt Disney • Red Auerbach • Vin Baker • Bugs Bunny • Willy Wonka

  21. ESFJ(The Facilitator/Provider) • Use their personal concern to provide service to others • Education, Health Care, Religion • Similar Celebrities • George Washington • Barbara Walters • Terry Bradshaw • Mary Tyler Moore • Sally Field • Monica (Friends) • Truman

  22. ENFP(The Motivator/Champion) • Use creativity and communication to foster growth in others • Counseling, Teaching, Religion, Arts • Similar Celebrities • Dave Thomas (Wendy's) • Meg Ryan • Regis Philbin • Dr. Doug Ross (ER) • Ariel (The Little Mermaid) • Marty McFly

  23. INTP(The Logician/Architect) • Apply objective analysis of problems and technical expertise in solitary environment • Scientific or Technical Fields • Similar Celebrities • Socrates • Charles Darwin • Albert Einstein • Mikhail Baryshnikov • Nelson Mandela • Steven Spielberg • Gandalf

  24. ISFJ(The Assistant/Protector) • Personally help people behind the scenes • Education, Health Care, Religious Settings • Similar Celebrities • Louisa May Alcott • David Copperfield • Ophelia (Hamlet) • Johnny Carson • Jerry Seinfeld • Jiminy Cricket

  25. Rorschach Ink Blot Tests

  26. Measuring Achievement, Abilities, & Interests Section 3

  27. Aptitude Tests • Aptitude Tests- estimates the probability that a person will be successful in learning a specific new skill • I.e. ACT, SAT

  28. Achievement Tests • Achievement Tests- measures how much a person has learned in a given subject or area, not just their innate abilities

  29. Interest Inventory • Interest Inventory- measures a person’s preferences and attitudes in a wide variety of activities to identify areas of likely success

  30. Intelligence Testing Section 4

  31. Intelligence • The ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior, and to adapt to new situations

  32. Views Of Intelligence 1. Two-Factor Theory Of Intelligence- proposes that a person’s intelligence is composed of a general ability level and specific mental abilities 2. L.L. Thurston believed that intelligence is composed of seven abilities and should not be a measurement of one factor. 3. Howard Gardner believed that testing pure logic omits other skills. He believed in eight intelligences (Verbal, Logical, Musical, Body, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist).

  33. Views Of Intelligence Cont. 4. Triarchic Theory- proposes that a person’s intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical thinking skills 5. Emotional Intelligence- interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities needed to understand and use knowledge of emotions effectively

  34. Stanford-BinetIntelligence Scale • Intelligence-Quotient (IQ)- standardized measure of intelligence based on a scale in which 100 is average IQ= (Mental Age/Chronological Age) X 100

  35. The Wechsler Tests • Yield percentile scores in several areas (vocabulary, information, arithmetic, picture arrangement, etc.) • Separate IQ scores for different abilities • Gives a more detailed picture

  36. Uses & Meanings OfIQ Scores • Measure the ability to solve certain problem types • Do not directly measure the ability to pose problems or question the validity of problems

  37. Controversy Over IQ Testing • Nature Vs. Nurture • Cultural Bias- an aspect of intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group

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