UNIT 3 WORLD WAR I

1. UNIT 3 WORLD WAR I UNITED STATES HISTORY REVIEW

2. Causes of war in Europe- • militarism (nations in the Balkans were building up their militaries and preparing to defend their country) • nationalism (feelings of intense pride/patriotism in your country and a willingness to fight for your country) • territorial rivalries (countries were fighting over land in the Balkans) • alliances (countries began to form friendships or alliances with each other in the Balkans) • The spark that ignited war in Europe was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austria-Hungary)

3. Woodrow Wilson President during WWI

4. WORLD WAR I 1914-1918 • Causes for WWI in Europe- Nationalism (pride in one’s country), militarism (building up one’s military), territorial rivalries (wanting the same land) , alliances (forming partnerships in case of war) • New weapons- U-boats (submarines), poison gas, tanks, machine guns • Allies- US, France, Russia, Italy, Great Britain, Japan, and dozens more • Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

5. Causes of war in Europe • Causes of war in Europe- • militarism (nations in the Balkans were building up their militaries and preparing to defend their country) • nationalism (feelings of intense pride/patriotism in your country and a willingness to fight for your country) • territorial rivalries (countries were fighting over land in the Balkans) • alliances (countries began to form friendships or alliances with each other in the Balkans) • The spark that ignited war in Europe was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austria-Hungary)

6. Francis Ferdinand WWI 1914-1919

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

8. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

9. The Assassination: Sarajevo

10. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

11. The banana peel…….. • June 28, 1914……Archduke Francis Ferdinand is killed and Serbia is blamed June 29,1914…..Austria Hungary issues Serbia an ultimatum to accept responsibility and they ignored it. France was Russia’s ally and was in analliance with Serbia…….so Russia is in the war.

12. German Aggression • Germany was aligned with Austria Hungary. Austria was granted a “Blank-Check” policy to support Austria. • Since Germany was Austria Hungary’s ally they turned and declared war on Russia since they were allied with Serbia. • Secret Alliances pulled many nations into war.

13. Central Powers • WWI

14. Who’s To Blame?

15. Submarines

16. Reasons the USA react to war? • Resentment to German Americansfear of a threat from within the USA (treason/conspiracy, etc.) • 1917 was a critical year- Germany resumed unrestricted submarine attacks and sunk any ships headed for the Allied nations in Europe. • USA sent convoys and wolfpacks.

17. How did USA react to war in Europe? • USA declared neutrality and stated they would avoid getting directly in the war. However they issued the Lend-Lease Policy and the Cash-n-Carry policy to support the Allies (indirectly). • Lend-Lease Policy we would lease military supplies to allied nations at war. As German sub attacks increased we issued the Cash-n-Carry policy nations buying materials had to pay cash and transport their own supplies.

18. How did the USA react to war in Europe? • We created the National Security League to monitor aversive organizations and publications. We wanted to prevent treason. • The USA started increasing the military and raised taxes to pay for the war effort. • USA entered in a state of preparedness getting ready for war. The USA passed the National Defense Act that expand the Army and Navy. This was in response to the sinking of the Lusitania.

19. Reasons USA enter WWI • Causes of US entry- • Lusitania (British ship torpedoed with 128 Americans on board) • Violation of the Sussex Pledge (Germany continued to sink ships with Americans on board and they promised to stop sinking ships without giving adequate warning- they violated this promise) • UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE (Germany’s use of the submarine or u-boat) • Zimmerman Note (secret agreement Germany hoped to make with Mexico; they asked Mexico to attack us if the US got involved in the war to keep us preoccupied)

21. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I for USA • Lusitania- British ship that was sunk by a German u-boat; 128 Americans died; we were made but didn’t enter war yet • Unrestricted submarine warfare- Germany’s practice of sinking ships that aided the Allies; major cause of US entering WWI…1917 was the year that Germany escalated the sinking of ships and USA enters the war. • Zimmerman Telegram- letter sent from German official to German official in Mexico asking Mexico to attack • the US if we enter the war; they wanted to pre-occupy the USA to keep the USA out of the war. Germany told Mexico that they would gain back most of the western US if they cooperated.

23. Zimmermann Note • ATTACK • USA

24. Russian Rev significant to USA • The Russian Revolution in WWI was important to the Allied effort. When Russia started loosing they called on the USA to help (alliance system). In March 1917 Russia starts pulling out of the war and the USA enters the war to protect the other allies (France). • Russia had fallen under Lenin’s communism and became the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic. (USSR) The USA feared expansion of communism into USA.

25. Lenin • Lead the Bolshevik party to overthrown the Romanov dynasty and murdered the family. He started the USSR and extended communism in Russia. • Communism is the opposite of democracy. Communist regimes has control over every aspect of human life. We feared communism would spread to the USA after Russia fell.

26. Nicholas II • RUSSIAN • TSAR

27. Lenin • RUSSIA • BECOMES • USSR or Union of the S • Soviet Socialist • Republic • COMMUNIST

28. The Red Scare • The USA wanted to remove any communist threat in USA. A. Mitchell Palmer under President Harding started the Palmer Raids. People were arrested and censored for speaking against the American government. Many of the Bill of Rights were violated out of a fear of communism entering the USA. • This time period was called the Red Scare. During the war the government limited constitutional rights to protect the nation.

29. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

30. The Flying Aces of World War I FrancescoBarraco, It. Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br. Eddie Rickenbacher, US Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.[The “RedBaron”] Rene PaukFonck, Fr. Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

31. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

32. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

33. Examine chart page 486 Poison Gas Machine Gun

34. How did the War change the USA? • $3 billions in loans were made to nations at war using the Lend-Lease Policy. • The USA sold Liberty Bonds to finance the government budget. • USA passed the Selective Service Act allowing men to be drafted for military service. They used the lottery system to draft men….they would pull their number. • USA prepared the American Expeditionary Forces to go and fight in Europe..

35. America affected by war • Campaigns like “Every Scout to Save a Soldier” started to advertise how supporting scouts promoted patriotism. • Rationing- Americans ration materials that could be used during the war effort. • Civilians planted Victory Gardens to send troops overseas fresh foods.

36. American life affected by war • The Clean Plate Campaign……no waste! Waste was limiting a soldier from having his needs met. • Daylight Savings Time----use less energy that can be conserved for the war effort. Spring forward and fall back time changes

37. USA DURING WORLD WAR I • Isolationism- US belief that we needed to stay out of world affairs after WWI; we did not like war and did not want to get involved in another one • Liberty bonds and victory gardens (war propaganda)- people bought war bonds (allowed the government to borrow money) and planted their own gardens to help conserve food for the troops • Hoover and the Food Administration (meatless Mondays and wheatless Wednesdays)- extremely successful; • People voluntarily didn’t eat meat on Mon. or wheat on Wed. in order to ensure enough food for troops

38. Schenck vs. USA • Charles Schenck wrote the 15,000 letters urging the drafted men to not show up. He was arrested and his case went to the Supreme Court and was ruled that a citizen can not put the government in “CLEAR and PRESENT Danger.” The was the standard set for sedition…….your views can’t lead to dangerous actions.

39. World War Government Expansion • War Finance Administration (Liberty Loan Drives) • Committee on Public Information (George Creel)…speaking and writing • Espionage and Sedition Acts….spies • Fuel Administration (Harry Garfield) • Food Administration (Herbert Hoover) rationing • War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch) • National War Labor Board (W.H. Taft) Wartime industries convert production

40. WWI Propaganda U.S. Posters

42. Paul C. Stahr

43. J. Allen St. John

44. Howard Chandler Christy

45. Henry Raleigh