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Swine Diseases Part III of III

Swine Diseases Part III of III. Julie Zimmerman Advanced Swine Production Spring 2008. Porcine Circovirus. What is Circovirus? . There are actually two types of Circovirus: Porcine Circovirus (PCV) 1 – PCV-1 Porcine Circovirus (PCV) 2 – PCV-2. PCV-1.

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Swine Diseases Part III of III

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  1. Swine DiseasesPart III of III Julie Zimmerman Advanced Swine Production Spring 2008

  2. Porcine Circovirus

  3. What is Circovirus? • There are actually two types of Circovirus: • Porcine Circovirus (PCV) 1 – PCV-1 • Porcine Circovirus (PCV) 2 – PCV-2

  4. PCV-1 • PCV-1 & PCV-2 were found as far back as 1969, but was not isolated and studied until 1974. • PCV-1 has not been found to cause any disease in swine and research has not established any clinical significance to PCV-1.

  5. PCV-2 In 1995 researchers noticed that when PMWS (post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome) was diagnosed, by association they proposed the idea that PCV-2 sometimes caused PMWS.

  6. PCV-2 • In 1999, after many studies, research confirmed that PCV-2 causes PMWS. • It also causes PRDC (porcine respiratory disease complex) and PDNS (porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome). • Note: studies have shown that PCV-2 generally must be combined with extenuating circumstances to turn into Circovirus. • If most herds were tested, PCV-1 & PCV-2 would show up in the blood, but rarely shows clinical signs or manifests into other syndromes.

  7. If pigs are infected with PCV-2 symptoms generally appear from 5 -18 weeks of age.

  8. Symptoms of PCV-2 • Poor growth • Swollen lymph nodes • Diarrhea • Stomach ulcers • Fever • Jaundice • Difficulty breathing • Weight loss • Skin rashes

  9. Transmission of PCV-2 • Much like any other disease PCV-1 & PCV-2 are passed through: • Blood • Urine • Feces • Mucous

  10. Reasons for Manifestation of PCV-2 • Not completely known, but researchers think it is a combination of the following: • Presence of PCV-2 in herd • Environmental conditions (weather, cleanliness of barns, etc.) • Stress

  11. Every-day Prevention • Quarantine new hogs • Foot dip for humans entering farrowing houses • Maintain proper ventilation • Stay up to date with vaccinations for other diseases • Promptly treat ill pigs • Control rodent, insect and bird population near the hog pens and barns

  12. “Current studies suggest that when the immune system becomes activated fighting off a disease challenge and the pig also is infected with PCV-2, the circovirus infection may become overwhelming and result in PMWS.” Henry Gauvreau, Porcine Swine Update, 2001

  13. EM Porcine Circovirus-2 Provided by: www.pcvd.org

  14. Treatment • There are currently 3 vaccines to treat PCV-2 in the United States. • They are all VERY limited in supply. • However vaccination is more of a preventative method, due to the fact that it won’t work as well, once the pig has contracted the virus.

  15. Administration of Vaccination • Vaccinate sows in the beginning • Vaccinate piglets at 4-6 weeks, never before 4 weeks • Use 1 half dose each time • A booster vaccination 2-3 weeks after original vaccination is encouraged • Keep vaccine at room temperature

  16. Miscellaneous Facts • Evidence proves that certain genetic lines are more apt to acquiring PCV-2. • If a herd has a breakout of PCV-2, generally death loss will not be higher than 30%.

  17. Sources • Bush, E., F. Cardinal, M.J. Engle, P. Halbur, F. Madec, T. Opriessnig. “A Producer’s Guide to Managing PCVAD, Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases”. California Department of Food and Agriculture & Kansas State University Cooperative Extension – Handout. • http://www.cdfa.ca.gov.ahfss/Animal_Health/ • Gauvreau, H., “Porcine Circovirus Update”. Advances in Pork Production. Vol. 12, pg. 31. 2001. • Harp, R., Personal Communication, (Jan. 2008). • Neumann, E., P. Halbur, S. Sorden. “Pork Health Fact Sheet – Circovirus Infection in Swine”. American Association of Swine Veterinarians and National Pork Board. Oct. 2002. • http://www.thepigsite.com/articles/1/health-and-welfare/813/pork-health-fact-sheet-circovirus-infection-in-swine • “Porcine Circovirus (PCV)”,(n.d.), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Oct. 2006. • www.pork.org/porkscience/documents/circovirus.pdf • “Vaccine Developed for Global Swine Disease”, (n.d.), Virginia Tech, Jul. 2006. • http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/521788/

  18. The End

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