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Elk County Catholic High School

“Our mission at Elk County Catholic High School is to provide a faith-focused community where our students can develop their fullest potential intellectually, physically, morally, culturally, and spiritually.“. Elk County Catholic High School. Administration. Headmaster: Mr. John Kowach

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Elk County Catholic High School

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  1. “Our mission at Elk County Catholic High School is to provide a faith-focused community where our students can develop their fullest potential intellectually, physically, morally, culturally, and spiritually.“ Elk County Catholic High School

  2. Administration • Headmaster: Mr. John Kowach • Principal: Mrs. Sandra Florig • Vice Principal: Mr. John Schneider • Athletic Director: Mr. Aaron Straub  

  3. About our School • Approximately 300 students • Includes students 9th through 12th • Offers 31 athletic programs, 8 music programs and 25 other extracurricular activities • 94% of graduates are attending a university, college, or post-secondary school

  4. Precipitation Climate St. Mary's, PA United States Rainfall (in.) 45.2 36.6 Snowfall (in.) 78.8 25.2 Precipitation Days 174 101 Sunny Days 162 205 Avg. July High 80.9 86.5 Avg. Jan. Low 14.1 20.8 Comfort Index 57 44 UV Index 3.4 4.3 Elevation ft. 1,724 1,062

  5. Population and Education Statistics Elk County Pennsylvania • Population33,963 12,590,137 • Pop Density per Sq Mi 40 281 • Pop Change since 2000 0.70% 0.30% • Median Age 42.340.4 • Male / Female Ratio 48.6 / 51.4% 51.5 / 48.5% • High School Graduate 50% 38% • 2-Year Degree 7% 6% • 4-Year Degree 8% 14% • Masters Degree 2% 5% • Doctorate Degree 0% 1%

  6. Watersheds of Elk County Presented By: Wetlands Club and Ecology Class of Elk County Catholic High School, St. Marys, PA

  7. Watersheds of Elk County Pennsylvania Clarion River Elk Creek West Creek Little Toby Creek SinnemahoningCreek

  8. Water Pollution

  9. Clean Water Sources • Water sources with good water quality • East Branch • Big Mill • Bear • Spring • East and West Branch of Millstone • Millstone • Mill Creek

  10. Water Quality • Drainage from abandoned coal mines is the biggest cause of water pollution in Pennsylvania • In Elk County water quality is 92 on a scale of 100 • pH levels and fish populations have been declining • several fish kills have been recorded after spring stocking due to spring rains and snow melts

  11. Clarion River Basin Issues Water Quality • Industrial Wastes Polluting River • Lack of Monitoring Programs • Development Along Elk Creek Highest Throughout Entire Watershed Sewage Treatment • Inadequate Treatments • Tourism Increases Usage • Malfunctions Increase Pollution

  12. What Makes a good stream

  13. Temperature • Temperature can help one establish the health of a stream. Streams with strong flora communities, including trees, on the side of the stream usually have lower temperatures. Streams without protection of plants will have higher temperatures. Ground water fed streams usually have lower temperatures than those fed by surface runoff. Usually, the lower the stream temperature, the more likely it is to support a fish. Fish such as trout and bass prefer cold water streams.

  14. Conductivity • Conductivity is an measurement of the amount of dissolved ions (such as Na+, Cl-, metals, and toxins) present in the water. One uses a conductivity meter, which determines how electricity moves through the water sample. Example: A conductivity of 800 micro Siemens (µS) or lower it is considered normal for stream water. Streams subject to development and paved surfaces such as roads, driveways, and roofs experience rainwater rinsing chemicals, such as agricultural waste into the creek. Buildings and land development can cause readings higher than 800 µS. These readings are excessive and usually are due to the presence of toxic substances. In addition, there are toxins that may be present that are not picked up by a conductivity test.

  15. Hydrology • The hydrology is a term used to describe the stream and the surrounding area. It can be identified by soils, geology, and land use. It is a critical physical determinant of aquatic life. When groundwater is the primary source, continual flow patterns occur. Typically, one would see decreased seasonal as well as daily changes in the amount of run off. Steady flows help to develop suitable habitats for aquatic life. It provides cover for the animals as well as nutrients.. Unsuitable stream flow can disturb bottom sedimentation. This will then cause disturbances to the aquatic life in the stream.

  16. Insects • The most common aquatic insects such as mayflies, caddisflies, and stoneflies depend on constant flows, superb water quality, and habitats for invertebrate survival. Typically found in fresh water streams are insects from the orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), as well as Trichoptera (caddisflies). These are usually called the EPT orders. These insects are unusually sensitive to indicators that reduce oxygen, stream flow, or cause temperatures to be elevated disrupt metabolic rates in a stream.

  17. Water Sampling

  18. Winslow Hill

  19. Winslow Hill • Most Popular Elk Viewing Area in Pennsylvania • Trails Open for Exploration • Extensive Wildlife • White Tailed-Deer • Black Bear • Fox • Turkey • Songbirds • Elk

  20. Treatment Facility

  21. Polluted Vs. Healthy Stream

  22. Taking Notes

  23. Collecting Samples

  24. Studying Samples

  25. A Hard Days Work

  26. Stream Investigation • Stream Name: Bear Creek • County: Elk • Township: Highland • Weather Conditions: Clear • Wind: Calm • Air Temp: 4.4°C • Water Temp: 5.23˚C

  27. Pollution Sources • Acid rain • Land use • Road near creek • Logging • All contribute to non-point pollution

  28. Velocity of Water Flow V1= 10/112 V2=10/135 V3=10/159 Final Velocity=0.757

  29. Volume of Flow

  30. Quantitative

  31. Qualitative • Water Appearance • Foam under bridge • Clear • Stream Bed Coating • Orange/red tint • Water Odor • none

  32. Water Chemistry

  33. Water Quality of Pool

  34. Water Quality of Riffle

  35. Works Cited Arnowitt, Myron. “Clean Water Action Reaches Settlement with Horsehead Corp. over Clean Water Act Violations.” Clean Water Action. 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.cleanwateraction.org/pa “Best Places to Live in St. Marys, Pennsylvania.” Sperling’sBestPlaces. Fast Forward, Inc., 2010. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://www.bestplaces.net.city/St._Marys- Pennsylvania.aspx# Elkcountyfreshwater.org Elk County Fresh Water Association. Web. 29 Apr. 2010 http://www.elkcountyfreshwater.org/index/php. Ostergen, David M. “Tribal Watershed Management: Culture, Science, Capacity, and Collaboration.” Britannica. 2007. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. http://wwww.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/2 3975216/Tribal-Watershed-Management-Culture-Science- Capacity-and-Collaboration. “What Are Some Indicators of a Healthy Stream or River?” The Watershed Center. 6 Jan. 2005. Web. 29 Apr. 2010

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