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# Radioactive Ion traps and High energy physics PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Radioactive Ion traps and High energy physics. Fun-Traps 2012- and the “Higgs” discovery at the LHC. Ion Traps: Operate at mili-Kelvin LHC: operates at 7 TeV i.e at an energy Higher by 10^20!. IT see 10^6 radioactive decays.

Radioactive Ion traps and High energy physics

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## Radioactive Ion traps and High energy physics

Fun-Traps 2012- and the “Higgs” discovery at the LHC

## Ion Traps: Operate at mili-KelvinLHC: operates at 7 TeV i.e at an energy Higher by 10^20!

LHC found the O( 100) Higgs decay events after ~ 10^15 pp collisions!

### A)High precision low intensity experiments vs. B) high intensity& high energy experiments

• The ultimate example of A- measuring the g-2 of the electron with a precision of 1 in 10^12 in agreement with Kinoshita’s QED calculation.

A related g-2 measurement for the muon suggests a 3 standard deviations from the QED and QCD based calculation-

indicates new particles in the triangle loop??!!

The searches for Dark matter and for proton decay or for neutrino-less double beta decays under-ground experiments - a yet different class where a signal of vey few events is expected .

### An intermediate class: High intensity not so high energy

• In passing recall experiments of just high intensity: monitoring up to 10^15 decays of positive muons in order to extract G(Fermi) to high precision or to limit the branching of muon  electron + gamma by 10 ^{-12}.

Also in KATRIN ~ 10^23 Tritium decays need to be monitored to extract from the endpoint spectrum sub eV neutrino masses!

### Plan of talk:

• How certain rare particle decays e.g. Second class cur.

tau  neutrino + pion + eta (or eta’) with rates limited by BABAR and BELL complement precision measurements of beta decay spectra in IT’s

( Based on joint works with AvnerSoffer at TAU estimating the expected SM decay rates and subsequent discussions with Danny Ashery) .

• Some comments about the new 125 GeV “ Higgs” particle discovered at the LHC .

• And finally:

Can the Higgs discovery be relevant to IT physics

### Precision weak decays tests of the S.M V-A form- some general background .

• New scalar ( or pseudo-scalar) particles of mass M and with couplings g’ to e-nu(e) and to u-d quarks add S , P decay amplitudes

~ r= [g’M(W)/gM(S)]^2

this will:

a) modify beta decay spectra which IT using also nuclear recoils can measure with high precision , and

b)modify the rate or other features of certain weak decays- a stronger effect when the standard V-A amplitude for this process is supressed .

### Two examples

• The small Br{pi  e nu / (pi  mu nu)} ~1.4 10^{-4} is measured with a precision of 4.10^{-3} [similar to the E.M. correction) follows from the SM . Hence:

• r(P)^2 < 6.10 ^{-7} ( there is NO A-P interference since the lepton trace vanishes)

• The Br{ tau pi +eta+nu } is small { estimated within the S.M. to be ~ 10^{-5} by Xiralpertrubation and by us ( AvnerSoffer and me)…

unfortunately the experimental bounds from BABAR and BELL are ~ 10^{-4} which may be a bit inferior to the IT bounds –but will greatly improve at S.B factories

### Limits on New Physics

• B(t-hp-n) can be used to put bounds on new scalar interactions up to the SM expectation B(t-hp-n) ~ 10-5

• A limit B(t-hp-n) < 3  10-5 implies

for the same couplings as in the SM.

• Competitive with limits from angular distributions in nuclear b decay, ~4 (expected to improve to ~7 and then to ~15)

• The two limits are complementary:

• b-decay: 1st-generation couplings

• t-hp-n: 3rd-generation couplings

### Back to the Future - the “Higgs”

• A narrow state at ~ 125 GeVwas discovered by ATLAS and CMS at the LHC BOTH in the gamma-gamma AND the Z-Z^*,W-W^* channels. Most likely it couples strongly also to the top quark.

• Most likely it is the S.M “Higgs” particle whose

main role is to generate the vector boson masses m(W) ,m(Z) and to ensure renormalize-ability .

This role can be fulfilled by a fundamental, point-like scalar particle or in dynamical schemes with composite Higgs. ( Technicolor – but…)

### Is the new H(125) particle THE SM Higgs-or does it suggest new physics?

• Since NO N.P. ( new SUSY, KK, Z’, DM or any other beyond the SM particles ) have been discovered yet(!) at the LHC- this is a key for the future of HE physics…..

• An equally important related question is:

If indeed J(H)=0 is it composite or FUNDAMENTAL??

NO elementary J=0 particles have been seen - may be for a good reason….

Suggested answer : If the H has even/odd parity it is (un) likely to be FUNDAMENTAL.

The argument presented uses only the low m(H) mass relative to the scale up to which there is no N.P

### The Unbearable Lightness of a Composite, Scalar H particle.(S.N &R.S)

• Assume that H is related to the EWSB then it has E.W. Charges. It then can be composed only of a fermion ( Q(i) )and an anti-fermion \bar Q(j) and a \bar Q-Q condensate generates SEW SB. The size < Q-Q(bar) > ~ (½ TeV)^3 is fixed by the W and Z masses it needs to generate.

• A DEFINITE parity is measured for the H particle.

• A non-Abelian gauge theory provides the underlying dynamics which binds and confines the new fermions and the lack of N.P at the LHC implies Lambda’ >~ ½ TeV. THEN:

### The claimed result:

• The light ( relative to 2\Lambda’) H particle is extremely unlikely to be composite if it is a scalar, but can be a composite pseudo- scalar.

• Outline of arguments:

• 1) using ‘Constituent fermions” of mass O(1/2 TeV) which the \bar Q-Q condensate generates along with a smooth confining potential and the strong H.F. Interactions required to bind a 0^- S wave state to ~0, we show that 0^+ ,P wave state is NOT strongly bound.

• 2) we use the QCD mass inequalities.

### QCD Inequalities-Lightening Review

• All the information in QCD is encoded in the Euclidean many point functions: <B(x) C(y) D(z) ..>= F(xyz..). In a two point function Let

• C=B^+(x)= \bar \psi(x) \Gamma(i) \ psi(x)

• with \Gamma(i) the 16 Dirac matrices When acting on the vacuum it creates all the sates with the corresponding quantum numbers : S(0^+) ,P(0^-) , V (1^-), A(1^+). The states propagate from x to y where they are annihilated back by B^+(y). Taking x-y to be imaginary Euclidean time the propagation involves a factor exp {- m (x-y) } with m the mass of the state in interest . Summing over states  spectral decomposition.

### QCD Inequalities Cont

• The T.P. corellatorsF(|x-y|) can be expressed as a functional integral over gauge fields A configurations weighed with exp {-S(A) } (and a determinant which also is positive for Vectorial underlying gauge theories ( Xiral G. theories will lead to H with no definite parity)

• the integrands are:

Tr(\Gamma(i) S_{A}(x,y} \Gamma(i) S_{A}(y,x) and for \Gamma(i) = \gamma(5) become the positive Tr( S^+ (x,y) S (x,y))

### Final Result of inequalities:

• F_P(x-y) > all other correllators.

Using the asymptotic form we then conclude m^0 (0^-) < all other m^0(i) namely the lightest pseudo scalar is the lightest hadron.

In particular m(0^-) < m (0^+)  VW theorem. But we can argue further that the scalars are indeed a LOT heavier by say 2 Lambda’  a composite light scalar is impossible. Hence

If H=scalar than it is most likely Fundamental no difficulty for a S.M Higgs due to the relatively small lambda H^4 coupling}

### A Brave New Scalar World?

• Interesting consequences of just a 125 GeV SM Higgs:

• i) Possible new “Fatal” scalar attraction of top quarks not just t-t(bar) but t^N ( Bar.GenShur)

• ii) excluding 4 th heavy generation ( loop) etc.

• Q: consequences for beta Spectrain Ion Traps?

• Not for a neutral H. But In SUSY extensions two Higgs doublets give masses to the up/down sectors leaving five scalars including H^+ , H^- !

### Yet S-SUSY Higgs cut no ice even in cool ion traps!

• In S.M Yukawa H couplings , proportional to the fermion masses - are tiny for the first u,d,enu(e) generation. ( The rational for a muon collider) But there could be other charged scalars with different patterns of couplings, say three Higgs doublets for the three generations…

• So who wins? Can Ion Traps be more sensitive to new charged scalars than the LHC ??

### Yes , You CAN !

• If you measure via the (V-A).S Interference in the shape of spectra the amplitude of S –so as to be sensitive to r= (g’/g)^2 (M(W)/{M(S)})^2 (  #6) of 10 ^ -2 or even 10^{-3}. Take g~g’ than the reach of Ion traps is up to

M(S) = 0.8 – 2.5 TeV !

Backup Slides

### Vector contribution

• Note: B(t-p-p0nt) is large (25.5%) and completely dominated by r-contribution

• So expect r-to also dominate the vector contribution to t-hp-nt, with branching fraction

1 power from phase space,

2 from vector amplitude

### Obtaining grhp Coupling

• r-hp- has not been observed, but we can obtain grhp from the Dalitz-plot distribution of h p+p-p0

• Method used by Ametller & Bramon, PRD 24, 1325 (1981)

• Now more precise data, access to more terms in Dalitz-plot distribution

• Assume the decay has 3 contributions: scalar, r+ and r-:

• (r0isforbidden due to C conservation)

• Scalar part has flat distribution in the p+p-p0 Dalitz plot, and is also the only contribution to h3p0

Q  mh – 3mp

Dalitz plot variables

Write vector part as:

The coupling we are after

• Expand squared amplitude to 3rd order in

• Obtain total rate relative to scalar part:

• Where

• Dalitz-plot parameters measured by KLOE (arXiv:0707.2355):

Taken to be real

• Comparing the Y coefficients, get:

• Extract grpp from rpp width:

• So the vector contribution to B(thpn) is

Consistent w. Ametller & Bramon

### Cross-checks

• The other coefficients are a test of the model:

• Compare with KLOE measurement:

• Floating arg(MS) = 15 improves agreement only slightly

• Also check ratio of BR’s::

### Scalar Contribution to B(t-hp-nt)

• Chiral perturbation theory calculates assumed a0(980) is a qq state and are complicated

• We conduct a simpler estimate and arrive at a similar result:

• Vector current is conserved up to md- mu:

• We estimate the scalar matrix element by relating the P-wave states a0(980) & a1(1260):

Phase space

~1, since fixed by quark-model wave functions

BL=0 ~ 10-5

### Conclusions

• Our estimates

• BL=0(t-hp-n) ~ 10-5

• BL=1(t-hp-n) 3  10-6

imply the following for the measured value of BL=0(t-hp-n):

•  3  10-6, especially with a r-(770) peak 

• No surprises

•  10  10-6, especially with a a0-(980) peak 

• a0-(980) is a qq state after all

• > ~30  10-6,especially with scalar dominance 

• Possibly new scalar interactions, MS ~ 13 MW for weak coupling

• Note that BaBar has limit B(t-h’p-n) < 7.2  10-6

• Contributions from additional intermediate resonances