DO NOW: AP M.C. Question

1. DO NOW: AP M.C. Question The civilizations of the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Maya were similar in that each • Developed extensive writing systems • Emphasized equality in education • Established monotheistic religions • Encouraged democratic governments • Performed human sacrifice

2. DO NOW: AP M.C. Question One major difference between the Inca and the Aztec civilizations was • While the Inca were agrarian, the Aztecs were nomadic • The Aztecs built religious monuments while the Inca did not • Incans were monotheistic while the Aztecs worshipped many gods • The Aztecs developed a system of writing while the Inca did not • The Inca practiced human sacrifice, while the Aztecs did not

3. Primary Source Discussion: Diego Durán, BOOK OF THE GODS AND RITES In what ways had the customs of the marketplace survived, despite the imposition of Christianity? What had changed and what had remained the same?

4. Mesoamerican Civilizations600 ce – 1500 ce Teotihuacan, Maya Toltec, and Aztecs

6. Teotihuacan • Power not concentrated into the hands of a single ruler • Scholars suggest Teotihuacan was ruled by an alliance of elite families • Collapsed around 650 CE • Perhaps due to resource mismanagement Temple Complex, Teotihuacan

7. The Maya Pyramid El Castillo, Tulum

8. The Maya • Never unified politically • The most powerful cities controlled weaker cities by establishing a religious connection between rulers and the gods • Between 800 and 900 CE many major urban centers were abandoned or destroyed • Growing scholarly consensus points toward social unrest caused by environmental degradation Mayan Ruler Stele

9. The Toltecs Tula, Toltec Capital

10. The Toltecs • Their political power was derived largely from their military power and conquest • Two kings jointly ruled the Toltec • Sometime after 1000 CE the Toltec state declined and collapsed • Likely a result of their power sharing leadership Toltec Warrior

11. The Aztecs Tenochtitlan, Aztec Capital

12. The Aztecs Huitzilopochtli • Aztec rulers did not have absolute power • Powerful aristocrats had a hand in selecting next ruler • Rulers would take part in conquest in order to legitimize their rule and to obtain slaves for both sacrifice and labor • Religion, ritual and sacrifice served to legitimize political authority

13. The Aztecs • The arrival of Europeans in the early 16th century would directly and permanently disrupt the continuity of the Aztec empire Aztec Human Sacrifice

14. Continuity and change over time • With a partner, use the Change Analysis Chart to identify key continuities and changes in culture and politics amongst all Mesoamerican Civilizations • Utilize pages 269 – 277 as well as your CH 11 notecards and questions

15. Checking for Understanding • What one event or trend are you able to identify as a major contributor to changeover time in Mesoamerican Civilizations? Why was this event or trend so impactful? • Write your answer on a loose piece of notebook paper. . . • I’ll be collecting these on your way out