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Hesse - Educational System

Hesse - Educational System. Description of the basic Structure. Heinz Kipp Dennis Rothmann December 2004. Educational System in Germany. School System in Hesse. 1. 2. 4. 3. Teacher Training. School Administration. Summary. Legal structure and background.

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Hesse - Educational System

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  1. Hesse - Educational System Description of the basic Structure Heinz Kipp Dennis Rothmann December 2004

  2. Educational System in Germany School System in Hesse 1 2 4 3 Teacher Training School Administration Summary

  3. Legal structure and background The German constitution (“Grundgesetz”) guarantees: The freedom of choice regarding school, job training and employment. The rights of parents in the upbringing of their children. The state supervision of education. In addition it commits the education system to the democratic principles of the constitutional and welfare state.

  4. Federal System • Autonomy in educational and cultural affairs. • The Education System is the responsibility of the Federal States Ministries of Education, Cultural Affairs, and Science. • They implement state laws concerning education. • The Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education (“Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK)”) in Germany co-ordinates educational policy between the federal states.

  5. Hesse • Nearly 6 million citizens. • The capital city is „Wiesbaden“. • In the center of Europe. • One of the 16 federal states in Germany.

  6. Structure of the Hessian School System • Compulsory schooling lasts for 12 years • Full-time compulsory education is 9 years (compulsory general education). • Subsequent period of part-time compulsory education is 3 years (compulsory vocational education). • Transfer between school types and the recognition of school-leaving qualifications is basically guaranteed. • Free supply of didactic material. • Refunding of transport fees. ...

  7. Universität & Weiterbildung Berufsschule Berufliches Gymnasium FOS BFS Ober- stufe integr. Gesamt- schule Förder- kooper. Gesamt- schule Gym- nasium Real- schule Haupt- schule schule Grundschule Kindergarten & Vorklasse Tertiary Education Universität & Weiterbildung Overview grade age Berufsschule Berufliches Gymnasium Secondary level II FOS BFS Ober- stufe integr. Gesamt- schule Förder- kooper. Gesamt- schule Gym- nasium Real- schule Secondary level I Haupt- schule schule Primary Education Grundschule Kindergarten & Vorklasse

  8. Kindergarten & Vorklasse[kindergarten & pre-school class] • „Kindergarten“ is optional for children in the age from 3 to 5 years. • Many primary schools („Grundschulen“) contain pre-school classes for children who are of school age but have not yet reached a sufficient stage of development to enter the primary school. • There they receive special care to prepare them for the first year of the primary school.

  9. Grundschule[primary school; elementary school] • The primary school (“Grundschule”) covers the first 4 years of school education. • Basic education is imparted, forming the basis for the following course of education. • Emphasis is put on developing the pupils’ capabilities and interests as well as promoting their motivation and enthusiasm.

  10. Hauptschule[~ extended elementary school] • The “Hauptschule” comprises either the 5th or 7th to 9th years and in some cases offers an optional 10th year. • At this type of school students acquire general education. • According to their choice of main subjects and their leaving certificates, they may continue their course of education chiefly in vocational courses, but also in further education courses.

  11. Realschule[brit: ~ secondary school leading to 0-levels, am: ~ junior high school] • The “Realschule” consists of the 5th or 7th to 10th years. • After acquiring general education, the students may continue their course of education in vocational as well as in further education courses according to their choice of main subjects and their leaving certificates. • Students graduate with a intermediate high school certificate or diploma (“Mittlerer Bildungsabschluss”).

  12. Gymnasium[ brit: ~ grammar school or classical secondary school, am.: ~ high school] • The “Gymnasium’s” purpose is to impart general education and to enable the students to enter university but also to enrol in vocational training according to their accomplishments and choice of main subjects. • The students obtain the leaving certificate GCE A-levels [brit.], senior high school graduation diploma [am.]. (“Abitur” or “Allgemeine Hochschulreife”) . • The years 11 to 13(12) form the “Gymnasiale Oberstufe”.

  13. Kooperative Gesamtschule (KGS)[cooperative comprehensive school] • In a comprehensive school (“Gesamtschule”), “Hauptschule”, “Realschule” and “Gymnasium” are combined organisationally as well as pedagogically. • The cooperative comprehensive school normally starts with the 5th and 6th years of the “Förderstufe”. • The different school types act as interdependent branches ensuring a maximum of cooperation and integration. • The structure allows common lessons of all school types as well as the students’ participation in lessons of different branches according to their accomplishments and abilities.

  14. Integrative Gesamtschule (IGS)[integrated comprehensive school] • In the integrated comprehensive school the educational offers of the combined school types are integrated. • Its organisation enables the students to choose main subjects according to their abilities and interests in common workgroups and courses differing in demand and intention.

  15. Förderschule[special school] • The special schools (“Förderschulen”) offer care and support for children who need special pedagogic help for developing their physical, emotional, intellectual, and social abilities. • A further development of special schools into counselling and support centres (“Beratungs­ und Förderzentren”) will extend the special care range. • The experience at special schools has shown that children and juveniles with a need for special care may achieve more than is expected of them. In the past few years children and juveniles with special needs have also been supported within the general school types to enable them to remain there.

  16. Berufsfachschulen (BFS)[~ technical school] • A “Berufsfachschule” offers full-time courses lasting at least one year. • The students may attend without previous vocational training or employment. • The students acquire vocational and general knowledge and qualifications and prepare for vocational training or obtain a vocational training certificate or diploma. • Some “Berufsfachschulen” lead to an equivalent of a “Mittlerer Abschluss” whereas others require a “Mittlerer Abschluss” as condition of access.

  17. Fachoberschulen (FOS)[~ technical college] • Covering the years 11 and 12, the “Fachoberschulen” may be attended after a [~] intermediate high school certificate or diploma (“Mittlerer Abschluss”) and lead after, or in addition to, vocational training to the certificate or diploma enabling to attend college (“Fachhochschul-reife”) . • They are differentiated according to fields of training and structure of organisation.

  18. Berufsschule[vocational school] • The “Berufsschule” is in the centre of vocational education. • The students obtain general vocational and technical education as well as additional general knowledge. • The “Berufsschule” also forms one component of the Dual System (the students attend part of their vocational training in school, where they obtain theoretical knowledge, whereas training on the job takes place in an enterprise or a workshop).

  19. Berufliches Gymnasium[vocational grammar or high school] • The vocational grammar or high school (“Berufliches Gymnasium”) offers the possibility to obtain the leaving certificate GCE A-levels [brit.], senior high school graduation diploma [am.] while simultaneously passing through a part of vocational training in a chosen field. These certificates give access to university.

  20. Teacher Training in Hesse In-service Teacher Training Initial Teacher Training (2 years preparatory phase „Referendariat“) with courses, seminars and teaching, leading to the second state exam for teachers University studies leading to the first state exam for teachers  Due to the autonomy of Germany’s 16 federal states, types and duration of Teacher Training vary widely.

  21. Teacher status • Most teachers are civil servants with life tenure. • They are qualified to teach certain subjects at a specific type of school, and this determines their pay scale.

  22. Thank youfor your attention!

  23. Literature • Kretschmer, Heinz-Jörg [2004]: The Educational System in Hessen/Germany. • Secretariat of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany - KMK [2003]: Basic Structure of the Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany. • The Standing International Conference of Central and General Inspectorates of Education – SICI [2001]: Hessen – The Education System. made by: Heinz Kipp & Dennis Rothmann November 2004

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