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Calgary Petroleum Club – February 19, 2013

Calgary Petroleum Club – February 19, 2013. “ Production Performance Unique Type Curve for Horizontal, Multi-Stage Frac'd Gas Wells: WHY, HOW and WHEN! ” FLORIN HATEGAN Devon Canada Corporation. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW. INTRODUCTION SPE 162749: HZ-MSF Production Type Curve Motivation: WHY?

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Calgary Petroleum Club – February 19, 2013

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  1. Calgary Petroleum Club – February 19, 2013 “Production Performance Unique Type Curve for Horizontal, Multi-Stage Frac'd Gas Wells: WHY, HOW and WHEN!” FLORIN HATEGAN Devon Canada Corporation

  2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW • INTRODUCTION • SPE 162749: HZ-MSF Production Type Curve • Motivation: WHY? • Simplicity: HOW? • Timing: WHEN? • Pre-Frac Testing Practices Review • CONCLUSIONS

  3. INTRODUCTION HZ Drilling, Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing: • Today is the norm throughout the industry • Very High Drilling & Completion costs • In WCSB over 5600 HZ Wells Drilled • Over 4000 Wells for Gas and Liquid Rich • Cost > 6 MM $$/well • EUR > 4 Bcfe • Low Commodity Prices Predicted • SUCCESS IS RESERVOIR SPECIFIC • “ONE SIZE FITS ALL” IS NOT THE ANSWER • FIELD ANALOGIES ARE DANGEREOUS

  4. INTRODUCTION • HZ-MSF well EUR is critical! • Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) • Fracture Contact Area (FCA) • Linear Flow Spreadsheets • Decline Curve Analysis Methods • Power Law • “Modified” • “Stretched” • Conventional Reservoir Engineering Models • Consider right balance between reservoir properties and stimulation effectiveness

  5. INTRODUCTION • SPE 162749: HZ-MSF Production Type Curve

  6. INTRODUCTION • SPE 162749: HZ-MSF Production Type Curve

  7. Motivation: WHY? • (AEO2012)(1) by US EIA cut TRR by 42% • Production Performance Overestimated • Reservoir Engineering Abandoned • Well Stimulation Misrepresented • Arbitrary EUR Evaluation Techniques

  8. Motivation: WHY? • Basic Reservoir Engineering Concepts Abandoned • Well Completion Effectiveness Misrepresented

  9. Motivation: WHY? Production Performance Overestimated CARDIUMAlberta 21 HZ-MSF Wells 10 – 12 stages 900 – 1200 m HZ lateral 8 – 24 months of production • MONTNEY British Columbia • 19 HZ-MSF Wells • 9 + stages • 1600 m HZ lateral • 12 – 50 months of production

  10. Motivation: WHY? • Production Performance Overestimated • MONTNEY British Columbia

  11. Motivation: WHY? • Production Performance Overestimated • CARDIUM Alberta

  12. Motivation: WHY? • Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) • Mike Mayerhofer= “Godfather” of SRV • Between 2006 – 2010 many SPE papers, articles • SPE 163833 (February 4 – 6, 2013) • “Change of heart” • Authors distance themselves from SRV • CONCLUDE: “Reservoir permeability is the main driver…..”

  13. Motivation: WHY? • Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) • Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV)

  14. Motivation: WHY? • Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV)

  15. Motivation: WHY? • Linear Flow Spreadsheets

  16. Motivation: WHY? • Linear Flow Spreadsheets

  17. Motivation: WHY? Linear Flow Spreadsheets Production Type Curve • Input Data • Results

  18. Motivation: WHY? Arbitrary Decline Curves & Production Type Curve • HIGHER “IP” =HIGER “EUR”

  19. Simplicity: HOW? • Production Type Curve: • Pseudo Steady State Equation • Four Parameters • Initial Pressure (Pi) • Matrix Permeability (km) • Wellbore Completion Skin (s’) • Effective Drainage Area (A)

  20. Simplicity: HOW? • Conventional Flow & Buildup Tests Production Type Curve: Pressure Permeability Skin

  21. Simplicity: HOW? • Modern Production Analysis Production Type Curve: Pressure Permeability Skin

  22. Simplicity: HOW? • Production Type Curve: • “Effective” Drainage Area

  23. Simplicity: HOW? • Production Type Curve: • HZ-MSF 9 Stages (Update: 1.3 Years)

  24. Simplicity: HOW? • Production Type Curve: • Divide HZ-MSF Total Well Production: • Initial Pressure (Pseudo-Pressure) • Formation Flow Capacity (km & h) • Nr. of Frac Stages

  25. Simplicity: HOW? Production Type Curve HZ-MSF Well Production Examples • 15 HZ-MSF Wells 4 Fields (4 to 15 Stages)

  26. Simplicity: HOW?

  27. Timing: WHEN? BEFORE COMMITTING TO HZ-MSF LARGE CAPITAL! $$$$$$

  28. Timing: WHEN? • THINGS TO DO: • VERTICAL WELL PILOT • PRE-FRAC TESTING • Reservoir Pressure • Net Pay & Matrix Permeability ===Drainage Area • HYDROCARBON VOLUM IN PLACE • HZ-MSF OPTIMIZATION STUDY • START WITH PRODUCTION TYPE CURVE • Drilling & Completion Costs • HZ Well Length • Stage Frac Spacing & Well Spacing • VERTICAL TO HZ WELL MULTIPLIER • RUN ECONOMICS • START HZ-MSF PROJECT

  29. Pre-Frac Testing Review • DST Test • First commercial DST in 1926 • Wireline Formation Test • In operation 1953 • First RFT in 1975 • DFIT Test • Early 90s • PID Test • Introduced in 2000 by BJ Services Canada

  30. Pre-Frac Testing Review • DST Test • Initial pressure (?) • Reservoir fluid (NO) • Permeability (NO) • Expensive • Often miss runs happen • Questionable results very tight formations

  31. Pre-Frac Testing Review WIRELINE FORMATION TESTS • Initial pressure (?) • Reservoir fluid (Yes, ?) • Permeability (NO) • Save rig time • Poor results very tight formations

  32. Pre-Frac Testing Review INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Can help frac design • ISIP • Breakdown • Closure • Initial pressure (NO, ?) • Reservoir fluid (N/A) • Permeability (NO) • May work for over-pressured, permeability systems outside the scope of this presentation

  33. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Over-Pressured, Milidarcy Range Reservoir

  34. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Over-Pressured, Milidarcy Range Reservoir • HZ-MSF, 550 m lateral, 8 Stages

  35. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Very Tight Gas (Nano-Darcy), Vertical Well, Two Intervals

  36. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Very Tight Gas (Nano-Darcy), DFIT 1

  37. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Very Tight Gas (Nano-Darcy), DFIT 2

  38. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Very Tight Gas (Nano-Darcy), POST-FRAC COMMINGLED Typo!

  39. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Very Tight Gas, (Nano-Darcy) Vertical Well, DFIT

  40. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • Very Tight Gas, (Nano-Darcy) Vertical Well, POST-FRAC BUILDUP

  41. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TESTS • HZ Well, DFIT (Repeat Test)

  42. Pre-Frac Testing Review • DFIT 1 • Repeat DFIT

  43. Pre-Frac Testing Review • INJECTION-BREAKDOWN (DFIT) TEST • Tool for frac engineers! • Pi & k may be obtained for “mD” rocks • Does not work for “sub mD” rocks • UNKNOWN FRACTURE GEOMETRY • UNKNOWN NET PAY TESTED

  44. Pre-Frac Testing Review • Perforation Inflow Diagnostic (PID) Test • Most Successful Pre-Frac Test Available • INITIAL PRESSURE • MATRIX PERMEABILITY • RESERVOIR FLUID IDENTIFICATION • Simple Wellbore Configuration • Cost Effective • Works Every Time (> 90 %) • Easy to Analyze • Net Pay Controlled by Perforation Configuration • PROVIDE UNIQUE SOLUTION!

  45. Pre-Frac Testing Review • Perforation Inflow Diagnostic (PID) Test • Wellbore Configuration

  46. Pre-Frac Testing Review • Perforation Inflow Diagnostic (PID) Test • Vertical Well: 3 Intervals

  47. Pre-Frac Testing Review Controlled Net Pay Where: n – meters of guns [m]  - gun frequency [shots/m] d – perforation diameter [m] d d H H kf kv = 0

  48. Pre-Frac Testing Review • Perforation Inflow Diagnostic (PID) Test • PID Analysis (McKinley Type Curves)

  49. Pre-Frac Testing Review • Perforation Inflow Diagnostic (PID) Test • PID Analysis Results & HZ-MSF OPTIMIZATION

  50. CONCLUSIONS • UNIQUE TYPE CURVE FOR HZ-MSF WELL PRODUCTION EXISTS • CONVENTIONAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTION EVELUATION OF HZ-MSF COMPLETIONS WORKS • PSS Equation (Pi, km, A, s’, n) • IN-SITU km & Pi CONTROL AND DETERMINE HZ-MSF EUR • PID TESTING IS THE MOST ACCURATE PRE-FRAC TECHNIQUE • Pi, km • DFIT TEST IS A GREAT TOOL FOR FRAC ENGINEERS • ISIP, Breakdown, Closure, Tortuourosity • MAYERHOFER et al, PULLED THE PLUG ON “SRV”

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