XENOPHOBIA in Russia: past and present

1. XENOPHOBIAin Russia:past and present

2. Our team

3. Liza

4. We have to find right ways toprevent xenophobia

5. Ξένος + φόβος Xenophobia is the fear or dislike of strangers and foreigners.

6. Xenophobia may appear when wefeel a threat toour cultural or material wellbeing

7. We are all so different!

8. Russia is home for 195 ethnicities (First coloured photos (beginning of the XX c. Proskudin – Gorsky’s collection.)

9. Cultural and religious differences

10. Misunderstanding => agression

11. Nika

12. Russia nowadays.

13. Russia (Kievan Rus) in 10th-12th cent.

14. Russia, the Mongol Empire, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 14th cent.

15. Russia expanding by Syberia. Russia before annexing Syberia (khaki), Russia in 17thcent. including Syberia (all green).

16. Rurik, Scandinavian Prince (830?-879)

17. Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod resembles Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Constantinople. Saint Sophia in Novgorod Hagia Sophia in Constantinople

18. Castello Cforzesco & the Moscow Kremlin.

19. Peter I called the Great.

20. The Great Embassy, Holland. Russians working on shipyards.

21. Peter the Great in Holland.

22. Saint Petersburg.

23. Nevsky Avenue nowadays.

24. Kazan Cathedral in 19th cent, postcard.

25. Saint Catherine’s Armenian Church.

26. Saint Peter’s and Saint Paul’s Lutheran Church (Petrikirche), 20th cent.

27. The Dutch Reformed Church.

28. The Catholic Church of Saint Catherine.

29. The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Mary.

30. The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Katarina.

31. The Great Choral Synagogue in Saint Peterburg.

32. The Mosque in Saint Peterburg.

33. The Buddhist Temple in Saint Peterburg.

34. ‘What a manifestation of religious tolerance!’ Alexandre Dumas, père (1802-1870)

35. Essential quality to minimize xenophobia: inclusive culture Question: what are the limits of being inclusive? Answer: being non-destructive.

36. Katya

37. ‘Communism’ is a political movement that believes in an economic system in which the state controls the means of producing everything on behalf of the people. It aims to create a society in which everyone is treated equally. – Oxf. Advanced Dictionary

38. In theory there could not be xenophobia in socialist country because: • Life in socialism would never hold the main factors of hatred – inequality and financial ill-being • There wouldn’t be any religious differences • All nations should be joined in one ‘Soviet nation’

39. Peace! National friendship Fountain (VDNH. 1951-1954)

40. The world revolution was absent => idea of socialist formation in one particular country appeared. It resonated with the idea of patriotism. • Patriotism grew stronger in the years of the Second World War. Motherland was defended by everyone.

41. At the same time the government got rid of those, whose loyalty being strongly doubted: • The whole ethnicities were replaced from front-line and borderline regions. • Manifestations of anti-Semitism showed as in the well-known in Russia “The Doctors’ plot” (1953).

42. The state caught some difficulties in explaining people that the political system in the Soviet Union was going the right way. • More and more dissidents appeared; people tried to emigrate.

43. People started associating on the basis of ethnic and religious strings. • They wanted to be free and live better

44. Government tried to cope with xenophobia, but it just turned in a specific way: any dangerous to the regime dissidents were cruelly broken. • The state proposed general system of values, accepted by lots of people; many large-scale economic projects uniting so different men and women were offered.

45. Nikita

46. Territory coloured pink is now russian territory

47. First waves of migrants to Russia.

48. Migrants working.

49. Unemployed people.

50. “Luxury apartments” of migrants in Moscow.