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Computer Basics

Computer Basics. Mr. Reese. Introduction to Computers. Lesson 1. 1.1 Describe the Importance of Computers in Today’s World. Computer an electronic device that you can use to store and process information. 1.1 Describe the Importance of Computers in Today’s World.

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Computer Basics

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  1. Computer Basics Mr. Reese

  2. Introduction to Computers Lesson 1

  3. 1.1 Describe the Importance of Computers in Today’s World • Computer • an electronic device that you can use to store and process information

  4. 1.1 Describe the Importance of Computers in Today’s World • They are used in many different fields: • Education - schools use to track student records and grades • Business and Finance – used to maintain accounts and prepare reports • Healthcare – keeping track of patients information • Scientific Research – analyzing data from experiments • Government Affairs – ability to see laws online • Arts and Entertainment – computer animation has become a huge field in movies and TV • Publishing – magazines, books, and newspapers have all gone online!

  5. 1.2 Identify the Main Parts of a Computer • Input Device – a device that provides information to the computer • Mouse • Keyboard • Microphone • Scanner • Webcam • Stylus

  6. 1.2 Identify the Main Parts of a Computer • Output device – device that gets feedback from a computer after it performs a task • Monitor • Printer • Speaker/Headphone

  7. 1.2 Identify the Main Parts of a Computer • Processing Devices - • CPU – Central Processing Unit – the CPU is the “brain” of the computer; sometimes called the Processor • Memory: • Random Access Memory (RAM) – the “temporary” memory • Read Only Memory (ROM) – the “long term” memory • Flash Memory – memory that can be modified, mainly used as storage

  8. 1.2 Identify the Main Parts of a Computer • Motherboard – main circuit board of the computer; it connects the input, output, and process devices. • Expansion cards: • Video Card – displays the images to the monitor • Network Interface Card (NIC) – connects to the internet • Sound Card – connects to speakers to play sounds

  9. 1.2 Identify the Main Parts of a Computer • Storage Devices – devices used to store computer information • Hard Drive – the main drive of a computer • CD/DVD Drive – portable storage disks • USB Flash Drive – small storage devices • Cloud Storage – an “internet” based storage device

  10. 1.2 Identify the Main Parts of a Computer • Ports and Connections – a port is a channel through which data is transferred between input and output • Universal Serial Bus (USB) – connect devices such as mouse, keyboard, printer • FireWire – used to connected devices like a digital camera • Network Port – connects to the internet • Serial or Parallel Port – old school ports for printers • Display Adapter – used to connect a monitor (VGA, Dvi, and HDMI) • Power – used connect to a wall outlet

  11. 1.3 Identify the Steps for Starting and Shutting Down a Computer • Power in the front • Log-in using your Username and Password • When shutting down: • Log off click ok • Then shut down from the Log-in window

  12. 1.5 Perform Different Tasks by a Mouse • Standard Mouse contains 2 buttons…ironically called Left and Right • Functions included: • Choosing a position to start typing • Clicking links in a web browser • Drawing lines in Paint and Word Documents

  13. Common Computer Terminology Lesson 2

  14. 2.1 Identify the Primary Hardware Components of a Computer • Hardware – any physical (touchable) part of the computer • Hardware can be an input, processing, storage or output device • The processor is one of the key hardware components; as mentioned before it is the “brain” of the computer

  15. 2.2 Explain an Operating System • Software – is the part of a computer that sends instructions to the hardware to perform the tasks Operating System Software – software that ensures your computer functions properly. • The operating system is “the teacher” of the computer. It controls all of the functions done on the computer. • The most common systems are: • Windows – a Microsoft system • Leopard – an Apple system • Android – a Google system Other Software (Application Software) – Productivity programs – operate with instructions from the Operating System

  16. 2.2 Explain Operating System • History of Windows: • Windows 1 – User could navigate programs with use of a mouse • Windows 3 – provided the user it’s first glimpse of an advanced graphics interface • Windows NT – mainly used for businesses and servers • Windows 95 – introduced the start button and contained built in Internet support • Windows 98 – provided support for DVD and USB • Windows ME – introduced System Restore and enhanced A/V • Windows XP – upgraded the speed and allowed for Home and Business use

  17. 2.2 Explain the Operating System • Windows Server 2003 – used only for larger computers, called Servers (our J: Drive), performed much better then previous versions • Windows Vista – Provided a new interface called “Aero” • Windows Server 2008 – Improved security over 2003 • Windows 7 – Introduced Windows Media Center and better integration of all devices

  18. 2.3 Explain Programs and Data • Programs (or Applications) • Software used to complete different types of tasks. Examples include doing calculations, sending e-mail, playing a game. • Programs process data that you provide to the computer • Data can be in the form of: • Text • Graphics • Audio • Video • The programs receive the data, process it and display the output on a screen.

  19. THE PROCESSING CYCLEInput-Processing-Output-Storage of Data

  20. 2.4 Describe a network and the types of networks • A network is a group of computers and associated devices that are linked together to facilitate sharing information. Networks can also be used to share data, software and devices such as printers . • A typical network has the following three components: • Server: The main computer on a network that provides services to other computers on the network. A server decides which computers are allowed to access the hardware and software on the network. • Workstation: A computer connected to a network. • Communication channel: A path or link that connects computers or peripheral devices, such as printers and disk drives, to transfer information. Cables are commonly used as communication channels in a network, but networks can also transfer information through wireless connections.

  21. 2.4 Describe a network and the types of networks, (continued) A network expands as more workstations and servers are connected to it.. A network can be categorized as a: • Local Area Network (LAN) A LAN connects devices within a limited area, such as a home or a small group of offices. It commonly includes computers and shared resources such as printers and scanners, or a • Wide Area Network (WAN). A WAN is a network that connects devices in geographically separated areas. Many organizations use a WAN to connect their networks across different countries. The Internet is an example of a WAN.

  22. Computer Performance and Features Lesson 3

  23. 3.1 Compare the Features of Different Types of Computers • Today’s marketplace contains all types of computers. The most common is a Personal Computer (PC) – used by individuals and business organizations • Desktop Computer – the type in front of you, they have a monitor, keyboard, and typically a printer • Typically the most “powerful” of all types • No portability at all • Allows for more upgrades

  24. 3.1 Compare the Feature of Different Types of Computers • Laptop – portable lightweight computers. Also called Notebook • Smaller in size (usually 13.1, 15, and 17 inch models) • They’ve begun to get more powerful, though they still can’t compete with Desktops • Can be upgraded but it’s usually done with USB devices • Netbook – smaller, but limited, computers • Much smaller then Laptops (8 inch normal) • Limited hardware, typically just internet and general programs • USB ports allow for expansion

  25. 3.1 Compare the Features of Different Types of Computers • Tablet – in terms of future computers they are rising. Portable device that allow you to “touch” your way around • Limited to no expansion • Handheld – two main types: Smartphone and PDA • Personal Digital Assistant – a device that had limited abilities; more like an electronic calculator. • Did allow for memory expansion but limited in overall use • Smartphone – replaced the PDA and allowed for telephone capabilities

  26. 3.2 Explain the Role of Memory • When a computer performs a task, it stores the data in its memory. Memory is where data can be stored and retrieved. • Random Access Memory (RAM) is temporary memory. The content stored on the temporary memory is erased when the computer is turned off • Read-Only Memory (ROM) is permanent memory. ROM contains instructions that need to remain unchanged for the computer to function. For example, ROM stores commands that check whether the motherboard, memory, hard drive and other components are working when the computer is started. • Flash Memory can retain information after you have switched off a computer, but it provides the benefit of allowing the stored information to be erased or modified

  27. 3.2 Explain the Role of Memory (cont.) • Data is stored in terms of 0’s and 1’s; each piece of data is called a bit. • Bit – the smallest unit of information a computer handles • Byte – is the combining of 8 bits • Kilobyte – is equal to 1,024 bytes (KB) • Megabyte – is equal to 1,024 KB (MB) • Gigabyte – is equal to 1,024 MB (GB) • Terabyte – is equal to 1,024 GB (TB) • Hard drives are the only ones in terms of TB, flash drives are still relatively small in terms of GB

  28. 3.3 Explain the Basics of Computer Performance • CPU Speed – because it’s the brain, the speed that the CPU, or processor, works at determines the performance of the computer • We now have dual and quad-core devices. These are CPU’s that contain 2 or 4 processors in computer • Hard Disk – hard drives spin at different speeds, which allows for access to your data at different speeds. The faster speeds allow for faster access, however are more prone to errors • Random Access Memory (RAM) – when the computer is in use the RAM acts as the storage location. More RAM space allows for more information.

  29. Computer Operating Systems Lesson 4

  30. 4.1 Explain the Common Functions of an Operating System • O.S. performs 4 main functions • Manages and controls the hardware connected to the computer • Helps other programs running on a computer to use the hardware • Helps to organize and manage files and folders on the computer • Provides the user interface that allows you to interact with the hardware, the operating system, and other programs

  31. 4.2 Identify the Components of the Windows Interface • Desktop • The screen area that you can see when you log in to Windows • Contains shortcuts to programs on your computer • Task bar • Typically located at the bottom, though you can move it • Applications that are running will appear in the task bar • System Tray • Located at the right of the task bar • Contains the programs running from Startup and the clock • Start Button • The central link to all the programs on your computer

  32. Overview of the Windows Interface within Applications Minimize Maximize Title Bar Close Ribbon Start Menu Task Bar System Tray

  33. 4.3 Explain the Options Available in the Start Menu of Windows. • Start - the Start button opens the Start menu. You can use the commands on the Start menu to start a program or to restart or shut down the computer. The Start menu typically displays the following commands: • My Documents: displays the contents in the My Documents folder. • My Computer: displays the contents of your floppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM drive and network drives appear in a window. You can use the icons and menus in My Computer window to search for or open files and folders. • My Network Places: provides a view of all the shared computers and other resources on the network to which your computer is connected. • Control Panel: allows you to control the various aspects of the operating system or hardware, such as setting the system time and date, adding and removing programmes, troubleshooting hardware and software and setting keyboard characteristics. • Printers and Faxes: allows you to install and share printing resources. After you install a printer, you can print documents from your computer. • Help and Support: You can use the Microsoft Help and Support Center whenever you have a question about the operating system. • Search: allows you to search for a file or a folder on your computer. • Run: this allows you to start a program.

  34. Productivity Programs Lesson 5

  35. Overview of Productivity Programs Productivity Programs • Tools that you can use to create documents, presentations, tables, charts, and graphs • Help you perform a specific task easily and efficiently • Each task requires a specific specialized program • Examples of tasks you can use a computer to help with are: writing a letter, taking notes, creating a project report, making a sales presentation, maintaining household accounts, or managing customer information.

  36. Examples of Productivity Programs

  37. 1.1 Productivity Programs - Identify the Main Components of the User Interface Quick Access Toolbar buttons for commonly used commands across all programs Title bar – displays name of the program currently open Home tab most commonly used tools in this program View toolbar magnify & show the file in different views. Each tab contains tools that relate to specific functions. Some show all the time (Insert, Page Layout) and others appear when you click a specific item,. (e.g. when you click a picture the Picture Tools tab appears)

  38. 1.2 and 1.3 Identify the Purpose of the Commands on the Menu Bar & Work With the Buttons on the Toolbar

  39. 1.2 and 1.3 Identify the Purpose of the Commands on the Menu Bar & Work with the Buttons on the Toolbar

  40. 1.4 Work With the Pointer in a Program • A cursor is a blinking vertical bar on the screen that indicates the location where you can insert text or graphics in a document. You can also use the cursor to select text or graphics in a document. • A mouse pointer is an on-screen arrow or another shape that moves when you move the mouse or other pointing device. You change the location of the pointer by moving the mouse. By moving the pointer and then clicking the mouse button, you specify the new location of the cursor. You also use the pointer to point to a menu or button and to select text or graphics in a program.

  41. 1.5 Work with text and characters in a program When you open a productivity program, you see the Ribbon above the document area. There are tabs on the Ribbon and groups of buttons on the tabs. The Home tab contains buttons that you can use to change the way the text in a document looks. The backgrounds of some buttons change color when you point to them. This means that the button is available. Other tabs or buttons are temporarily unavailable.

  42. 1.5 Work with text and characters in a program (cont.) In some of your documents, you might want to add pictures or tables in addition to the text. You can use the buttons from the Insert tab to insert pictures, tables, and symbols in your document.

  43. 1.5 Work with text and characters in a program (cont.) You can give your document a professional look by adding page borders, by applying page colors, or by changing the spacing between paragraphs. Buttons on the Page Layout tab help you change the appearance of your document according to your desire.

  44. 1.5 Work with text and characters in a program (cont.) If you want to check the spelling and grammar in your document, search for a synonym of a particular word, or search through dictionaries and encyclopedias for reference material, you can use the buttons on the Review tab. These buttons help you review and make changes to your document. .

  45. 1.5 Work with text and characters in a program (cont.) You can view your document in different ways by using the buttons on the View tab. For example, you can use these buttons and view the document in full screen format.,zoom in and out of a document and switch between windows if you have more than one document open at the same time. .

  46. 1.6 Explain the Use of Primary Keyboard Shortcuts and Key Combinations You use the function keys for special tasks in different programs. For example, you use the F1 key to display the Help file associated with a program. The tasks of the function keys are specific to each program. You use the navigation keys to control the movement of the cursor. These keys include HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN and four arrow keys. The HOME key usually moves the cursor to the start of a line or a document. The END key moves the cursor to the end of a line or a document. The PAGE UP and the PAGE DOWN keys move the cursor up or down, one screen at a time. You can also use the four arrow keys to move the cursor vertically or horizontally on the display screen Keyboard shortcuts are key combinations usually involving command keys that help you quickly perform an action. For example, you can press CTRL+P to print the current document by using the default printer settings

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