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Radiological Data for Exercises

Learn about the importance of radiological data in emergency preparedness and response exercises, the types of data needed, methods of data generation, and how to present the data effectively.

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Radiological Data for Exercises

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  1. IAEA Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response Radiological Data for Exercises Module L-055 Lecture

  2. Objectives • Know what radiological data is needed • Know how radiological data can be generated and the tools that can be used • Know the limitation of those tools • Understand the pros and cons of using real weather during an exercise L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  3. Why is Radiological Data Important? • Because radiological data drives the exercise L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  4. Type of Radiological Data • In-facility • Ambient radiation • Contamination • Air concentrations • Environmental • Ambient radiation • Contamination • Air concentrations • Isotopic data L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  5. Type of Radiological Data (Cont’d) • At the off-site traffic control points • Ambient radiation • Contamination (vehicles and people) • At the reception centre or hospital • Contamination (vehicles and people) • Casualties • Contamination • Dosimeter readings L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  6. Producing Radiological Data (1) • In-facility data: • Simulator • Safety analysis • Shielding models L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  7. Producing Radiological Data (2) • Environmental data • Source term from safety analysis • Customize the release fractions, rate of release and release profile in time to fit the emergency scenario • Use dose projection software to generate doses vs. distance and time • Some software has time-dependent source terms, variable winds, and provides measurable quantities such as dose rates and airborne concentration at any given time • Most do not L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  8. Producing Radiological Data (3) • Environmental data (cont’d) • If the release profile is known, dose projections can be converted to dose rates, instantaneous airborne concentrations, ground shine and ground contamination • Dose rates and airborne concentrations can be converted to instrument readings • Using instrument specifications and sampling procedures as guides • Random elements introduced in the software L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  9. Producing Radiological Data (4) • People and vehicle contamination • Use arbitrary values • Requires some judgement • Contamination level depends on location and duration of stay or travel L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  10. Producing Radiological Data (5) • Dosimetry • Most difficult values to simulate • Depends on type location profile of each individual • Can be simulated to cause key events • e.g. Report of a dose greater than 5 mSv to force staff rotation • For free play, integrate based on dose rate data • If dose control is a major objective, have an individual or a team dedicated to the simulation of dose readings L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  11. How to Present Radiological Data (1) • In-station radiological data: • Colour-coded layout of the station • Discrete time intervals L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  12. Secondary control equipment room SCINTREX tritium 200mSv/h < DR 100mSv/h < DR < 200mSv/h 50mSv/h < DR < 100mSv/h 10mSv/h < DR < 50mSv/h 5mSv/h < DR < 10mSv/h Reactor building 1mSv/h < DR < 5 mSv/h Cable access DR < 1mSv/h tunnel Spent resin Spent fuel bay storage tanks Cooling and purification Personnel Deuteration and Airlock D2O dedeuteration Supply tanks Emergency core Liquid waste cooling pumps Zone 3 Moderator Shield MM shop purification cooling Active D2O Management stores Dryers How to Present Radiological Data (2) L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  13. How to Present Radiological Data (3) • Environmental data • There are several ways. Two are presented as examples • Method 1: one map of relevant data for each time interval • Method 2: single map of integrated plume trajectory coupled with time-dependent tables • Colour codes can be used but may be difficult to reproduce L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  14. Map (1) L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  15. Dose (micro Sv/h) vs time Reference 6:30 6:35 6:40 6:45 6:50 6:55 7:00 7:05 7:10 7:15 7:20 7:25 7:30 Zone #1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Zone #2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 Zone #3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 Pole #46 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #49 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #51 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #58 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #63 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #100 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Pole #101 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 Pole #102 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Table (2) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #103 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Pole #104 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Pole #105 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Pole #106 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 Pole #107 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pole #108 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 South Musquash 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  16. Some programs allow real-time simulation of dose rate and contamination data Real-time software L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  17. How to Present Radiological Data (4) • Contamination data: • At fixed points: table of values vs. time • Large areas: maps or layouts for each major time interval • Persons and vehicles: pictures L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  18. Contamination Data L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  19. Contamination Data (Cont’d) 20 - 25 cps 15 - 20 cps 10 - 15 cps 5 - 10 cps L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  20. Contamination Data (Cont’d) L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  21. How to Present Radiological Data (5) • Isotopic data: • Reverse-engineered to fit the dispersion and dose projection results • Provide isotopic concentration tables or spectrum L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  22. How To Read The Data • Provide the data when requested and when deserved • Avoid showing time dependent graphs all at once • If you make a mistake, admit it and provide the right number • All field controllers who are responsible for supplying radiological data must be well trained on how to provide that data L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  23. Limitations of Tools • Not always realistic • Some judgment and interpretation by the controllers necessary • Difficult to account for wind variability • However, these limitations are not significant given that the aim is to exercise the relationship between surveys and decision-making L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  24. Real or Simulated Weather? • Simulated weather • Easier to produce the radiological data • Easier to control the exercise • Introduces artificiality • Real weather • Better test of the coordination between weather and survey teams • More realistic • Cannot pre-set the radiological survey injects • Requires calculations “on the fly” • Requires an extremely good coordination within the control team L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

  25. Summary • Radiological data is the core of the exercise data • Several parameters required, although not all of them may be necessary for a single exercise • The development of radiological data requires extensive analysis work • The provision of radiological data requires experienced and trained controllers • Real weather is better than simulated, but much more difficult to manage L-055: Radiological Data for Exercises

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