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14. CHAPTER. PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES. Competencies. Describe the six steps of programming Discuss design tools Describe program testing Describe CASE tools & object-oriented software development Explain the five generations of programming languages. What Is a Program?.

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  1. 14 CHAPTER PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES

  2. Competencies • Describe the six steps of programming • Discuss design tools • Describe program testing • Describe CASE tools & object-oriented software development • Explain the five generations of programming languages

  3. What Is a Program? • A problem-solving procedure • A list of instructions • Prewritten • Custom-written • Application software • System software

  4. What is Programming? • Programming is software development • Six step procedure • Program specification • Program design • Program code • Program test • Program documentation • Program maintenance

  5. Step 1Program Specifications

  6. Input and Output Plans

  7. Step 2Program Design • Plan a solution • Use structured programming techniques • Top-down program design • Pseudocode • Flowcharts • Logic structures

  8. Top-Down Program Design

  9. Pseudocode • An outline of the logic for your program • A summary of the program

  10. Flowchart Symbols

  11. Logic Structures • Sequence structure • Selection structure • Loop structure

  12. Step 3Program Code • Coding • The good program • Reliable • Well documented • Understandable to other programmers • Structured programs best method

  13. Step 4Program Test • Debugging • Testing • Eliminating errors • Syntax errors • Logic errors • Testing processing

  14. Step 5Documentation • Written descriptions and procedures about a program • Important for people who will use the program • Users • Operators • Programmers

  15. Step 6Program Maintenance • 75% of total lifetime cost • Error-free operations • Effective program • Two categories • Operations • Changing needs

  16. CASE Tools • Computer-aided software engineering • Automate development process • Designing • Coding • Testing activities

  17. Object-Oriented Software Development • Focuses less on procedures, more on relationship between objects • OOP: Object-oriented programming • Object contains both the data and the processing operations

  18. Generations of Programming Languages • Occurring in “generations” • Levels • Machine languages to natural languages • Lower level closer to machine language • Higher level closer to human-like language

  19. Generations of Languages • 1st -- Machine languages • 2nd -- Assembly languages • 3rd -- High level procedural languages • 4th -- Problem-Oriented Languages • 5th -- Natural Languages & Visual programming

  20. A Look to the FutureMI-Tech • Synapse Solutions has created a system called MI-tech • Understands word order and meaning • Computer translates "wish list" into machine language

  21. application generator (406) assembly language (405) beta testing (400) code (396) coding (396) compiler (405) computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools (403) debugging (399) desk checking (399) documentation (400) DO UNTIL structure (394) DO WHILE structure (394) Key Terms

  22. fifth generation language (5GL) (407) formatting language (396) fourth generation language (4GL) (406) generation (404) higher level (404) IFPS (interactive financial planning system) (406) IF-THEN-ELSE structure (393) interpreter (406) level (404) logic error (399) logic structure (393) Key Terms

  23. loop structure (393) lower level (404) machine language (405) maintenance programmer (402) module (392) natural language (407) object (404) object code (405) objectives (390) object-oriented programming (OOP) (404) object-oriented software development (404) operator (401) portable language (405) presentation language (396) Key Terms

  24. problem-oriented language (406) procedural language (405) program (388) program analysis (389) program coder (406) program definition (389) program design (391) program documentation (400) program flowchart (393) program maintenance (402) programmer (389) programming (388) programming language (396) Key Terms

  25. program module (392) program specification (389) pseudocode (393) query language (406) selection structure (393) sequence structure (393) software development (388) software engineer (389) source code (405) structured program (396) structured programming techniques (391) syntax error (399) third generation language (3GL) (405) Key Terms

  26. top-down program design (392) user (401) very high level language (406) visual programming language (407) Key Terms

  27. FAQs • What is a program? • What is a software engineer? • What is the purpose of pseudocode? • What are the qualities of a good program? • What is the job of a maintenance programmer? Why is it important? • What are CASE tools? • What is object-oriented programming?

  28. Discussion Questions • Discuss the six steps to create a program. • Describe the differences between formatting and programming languages. Give examples of each. • Explain the debugging process for a program. • Why is program documentation important? • Review the five generation levels of programming languages.

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