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No-Till in Argentina

No-Till Farmer’s Argentinean Association. No-Till in Argentina. Ing. (M. Sc.) Agustín Bianchini abianchini@arnet.com.ar. No-Till Expansion. World Total = 72 million ha. Latin America = 34.2 million ha. Argentina = 15.1 million ha. Source: Derpsch – AAPRESID (2003).

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No-Till in Argentina

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  1. No-Till Farmer’s Argentinean Association No-Till in Argentina Ing. (M. Sc.) Agustín Bianchini abianchini@arnet.com.ar

  2. No-Till Expansion World Total = 72 million ha Latin America = 34.2 million ha Argentina = 15.1 million ha Source: Derpsch – AAPRESID (2003)

  3. No-Till area evolution for wheat, corn, and soybean. 1977 – 2002 Source: AAPRESID

  4. Crops in the Pampas RegionProduction and Area Evolution - 1991-2000 Production Area

  5. Crop Production Area Yield Increase 1,000 tn 1,000 ha kg/ha Soybean 1596 557 43 751 211 50 Wheat 774 100 110 Corn 196 87 19 Sunflower Crops in the Pampas RegionYield Evolution - 1991-2000

  6. Actual and Potential Yield for Advanced Technology Farmers

  7. No-Till Adoption Benefits ®greater stability and yield increase ®increase in cropped area ®lower production costs

  8. WHAT HAPPENED WITH SOYBEAN? The decade of innovations No-Till Maturity Group IV Round-Up Ready

  9. Soybean No Soybean Source: Prieto

  10. PhysicalDegradation

  11. Exports and Nutrient Consumption in Wheat, Corn, Soybean and Sunflower Pampas Region, Argentina - 2000/01 1392 657 280 In 2000/01, nutrient replenishment was of 24%, 42%, and less than 1% of the N, P, and K extracted by grains, respectively Potential needs of 1 million ton N, 160 thousand ton P, and 650 thousand ton K

  12. The Soil in No-Till

  13. Key Concept 1 In no-till the function of the roots and the macro and meso fauna plays an important role in the macropore regeneration

  14. The fauna action in the pore generation

  15. What to do to maintain the macroporosity? • Do not disturbe the continuity of the pore network (ocasional tillage effect) • Alternate root systems to generate macropores in all the soil profile • Maintain a stable structure in the first inches of the soil profile (residue cover) • Generate favorable conditions for the meso and macrofauna developement (stable environment, C adition)

  16. Key Concept 2 “In no-till the tillage layer does not exist, in its place there is another layer enriched with organic residues, modifying the soil organic matter dynamics and the nutrient cycles” Moraes Sa, 1993

  17. The soil organic matter is considered the most important simple indicator to define the soil quality Larson & Pierce,1991 OM is a key component in NT Moraes Sa, 1993

  18. The highest proportion of the MO increase comes from the labile fractions Organic N in a no-till field and conventional tillage after 10 years mg N 100g-1dry soil 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 CT NT 10 20 Depth (cm) 30 40 50 60 70 Source: Moraes Sá

  19. Source: C. Belloso

  20. Management to increase soil organic CarbonPaustian, 1997 • Reduce or eliminate tillage • Rotations with corn, grain sorghum, pastures • Include permanent gramineae and legumes • Increase time of soil covered with vegetation • Increase production and return residue to the soil • No Till • Crop Rotation • Diversity • Intensity • Fertilization

  21. Key Concept 3 In no-till we make a more efficient use of the water as we increase infiltration, decrease run-off and evaporation losses, and improve the water retention (water storage)

  22. What to do to improve the rainfall water use efficiency? • Cover the soil with crop residues in an homogeneous and durable way • Maintain a stable structure , mainly in the first inches on the soil profile

  23. Key Concept 4 Balanced fertilization (crop nutrition) and adequate crop rotation are two of the most important practices for the no-till system

  24. Fertilization of the rotation • Balanced fertilization • Higher yield response in the rotation • Nutrient residual effects • Balance inmovilization-release • Soil biological activity

  25. NPS NP Santa Fe, Argentina

  26. Crop Rotation • Planned and ordered crop sequence with the objective: • Maximize productivity, • minimize risks, • and preserve the involved resources.

  27. Crop Rotation: Advantages • Diversification of productive risks • Inhibitory effect on pathogens • Interruption of weed and insect cycles • Chemical fertility: nutrient balance • Biological activity and diversity • Improves soil physical conditions (structure and porosity) • Intensification: use the stored water in NT.

  28. Conclusion The biomass production for the surface residue cover and roots in the soil profile, associated to the crop rotation, is the key component in the no-till system Adapted from Moraes Sá

  29. Final comment ... It must be remembered that there is no harder job, more difficult to do or more uncertain in success, than being a leader imposing a new paradigm ... ... because every innovator has as enemy the one that was successful under the old concepts ... ... and as a weak defender the one that probably will succeed under the new concepts ... Machiavelli 1469-1527

  30. Thank you !!

  31. Contact us at: WEB: www.aapresid.org.ar (Spanish) English version available soon!!! Agustín Bianchini abianchini@arnet.com.ar

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